角色冲突与公关体系的建构--以广州市S社区居委会为研究个案

居委会自治是当前我国社区改革的重点.以公关体系的建构为路向,以化解居委会角色冲突为切入点,可以对社区居委会自治改革进行对策性研究,建构一套全新的居委会自主公关管理体系.     

Neighborhood responses to disorder and local attachments: The systemic model of attachment,social disorganization,and neighborhood use value

This paper investigates neighborhood-level connections between ecological structure, responses to disorder, and local attachment and social involvement. We develop predictions integrating the systemic model of community attachment, neighborhood use value, and the social disorganization perspective. The systemic model predicts neighborhood stability will deepen attachment and local involvement; the social disorganization perspective anticipates effects of stability on responses to disorder; and neighborhood use value suggests effects of status, racial composition, and problems such as crime and deterioration on attachment. We further propose, building on earlier work, that attachment may influence responses to disorder, or vice versa. Data include resident surveys, census information, on-site assessments, and crime rates from 66 randomly selected Baltimore, Maryland, neighborhoods. In support, respectively, of the systemic and neighborhood use value models, we find strong impacts of stability and class on neighborhood attachment/involvement. Neighborhood fear and perceived informal social control depend upon emotional investment and social integration. We see no overall impacts of deterioration on responses to disorder, calling into question some key aspects of the incivilities thesis. Earlier investigations of deterioration and responses to disorder that excluded person-place transactions may have been misspecified. Results underscore the strong relationship between person-environment transactions and responses to disorder. Asking how to encourage citizens to resist disorder is questioning, in part, how to increase the bonds residents have with the locale and with one another. Portions of an earlier version of this paper were presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Los Angeles, August 1994.     

关于LF超仿紧性(英文)

讨论了超仿紧性的性质以及超仿紧性与仿紧性的关系 ,得到了超仿紧性是好的推广、闭遗传的、弱同胚不变的等结果     

中国新型城市社区居委会的角色冲突与重构——基于S与D社区居委会的比较分析

文章通过对两个典型社区的比较,分析了社区居委会传统角色遭遇的种种冲突和原因,探索社区居委会角色重构的方向。     

Neighborhood affluence protects against antenatal smoking: Evidence from a spatial multiple membership model

ABSTRACT

A spatial multiple membership model formalizes the effect of neighborhood affluence on antenatal smoking. The data are geocoded New Jersey birth certificate records linked to United States census tract-level data from 1999 to 2007. Neighborhood affluence shows significant spatial autocorrelation and local clustering. Better model fit is observed when incorporating the spatial clustering of neighborhood affluence into multivariate analyses. Relative to the spatial multiple membership model, the multilevel model that ignores spatial clustering produced downwardly biased standard errors; the effective sample size of the key parameter of interest (neighborhood affluence) is also lower. Residents of communities located in high-high affluence clusters likely have better access to health-promoting institutions that regulate antenatal smoking behaviors.     

Social exclusion and neighborhood support: a case study of empty-nest elderly in urban shanghai

The phenomenon of empty-nest elderly (ENE) has become a significant social issue in China. In this research on ENEs in urban Shanghai, a coastal city in China, case studies were undertaken through in-depth semistructured interviews to examine the social exclusion risks ENEs may face and the influence of neighborhood support on such risks. The results show 5 aspects of social exclusion ENEs are experiencing. Moreover, the neighborhood has the potential for providing different forms of support to reduce social exclusion risks. The research and service implications of our findings for promoting the holistic well-being of ENEs in China are discussed.     

北魏"宗主督护"制始行时间试探--兼论"宗主督护"制的社会影响

本文对魏晋南北朝时期的基层乡里组织"宗主督护"制进行了全面考察,指出"宗主督护"制产生的社会背景和历史条件是一方面有大量的人口流移,使原有的乡里组织丧失控制居民的职能;另一方面是封建"荫附"关系迅速发展,依靠经济与宗族势力并建有坞、堡、垒、壁等军事自保组织的钨壁主大量涌现,众多的人口为逃避战乱而为钨壁主所控制.笔者认为,"宗主督护"制产生于西晋末年,而不是人们通常认为的北魏初期,这一制度实行了近两个世纪,并且在北魏孝文帝废"宗主督护",行"三长制"之后,北方地区的"宗主"、"坞主"仍然以各种形式顽强地存在着,并继续在控制宗族权力、笼络荫附人口、把持地方政权等方面发挥其影响力.     

A Multi-Exchange Neighborhood for Minimum Makespan Parallel Machine Scheduling Problems

We propose new local search algorithms for minimum makespan parallel machine scheduling problems, which perform multiple exchanges of jobs among machines. Inspired by the work of Thompson and Orlin (1989) on cyclic transfer neighborhood structures, we model multiple exchanges of jobs as special disjoint cycles and paths in a suitably defined improvement graph, by extending definitions and properties introduced in the context of vehicle routing problems (Thompson and Psaraftis, 1993) and of the capacitated minimum spanning tree problem (Ahuja et al., 2001). Several algorithms for searching the neighborhood are suggested.We report the results of a wide computational experimentation, on different families of benchmark instances, performed for the case of identical machines. This problem has been selected as a case study to perform a comparison among the alternative algorithms, and to discover families of instances for which the proposed neighborhood may be promising in practice. Based on the results of the experiments, we can suggest which among the many possible variants of the proposed approaches may be more promising for developing local search algorithms based on multi-exchange moves for related problems. Also, on some families of instances, which are very hard to solve exactly, the most promising multi-exchange algorithms were observed to dominate, in solution quality and in computational time, competitive benchmark heuristics.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

中国基层选举中投票行为差异研究

村委会、居委会选举是基层民主的重要内容,而投票行为则是选举中最易测量的重要环节。选取2013年中国综合社会调查数据筛选出的10 904个样本进行分析,探讨不同个人背景变量的样本在基层选举中的投票行为是否存在显著差异,以期为中国基层民主建设提供决策依据。结论认为:不同宗教信仰被试者投票行为得分没有显著性差异; 有党性身份被试者投票行为得分相对较高,如工会会员、中共党员等; 年龄与投票行为得分呈正相关,健康状况和学历与投票行为得分呈负相关。