论金融危机下的新贸易保护主义

金融危机下,全球贸易保护主义再度兴起且愈演愈烈,尤其是中国频遭贸易保护主义侵扰,如何应对贸易保护主义的回归是后危机时代我国经济战略调整的当务之急。我们应坚持＂互利共赢＂的开放战略并坚决反对贸易保护主义;建立预警机制,实现对外贸易保护前置化;充分发挥政府、行业协会的作用应对贸易摩擦;推进自主创新,鼓励企业牢固树立以质取胜的战略意识;积极扩大内需且转出口为内销;进一步调整地方补贴政策;加强国际合作,加快与国际接轨的步伐;加快区域经济一体化建设。     

经济危机下的国际贸易规则

多边贸易规则所贯彻的原则、发挥的功能,是为了防止贸易保护主义重新抬头。WTO对反补贴、反倾销、贸易保护、进口许可证和其他贸易保护措施的实行程度都做了限制,但仍有部分国家在当前危机下钻贸易规则的空子。通过贸易保护主义和贸易自由化的对比可发现,多边贸易规则体系能够发挥其积极作用来应对当前经济危机。     

胎儿利益的法律保护

胎儿是未来的、潜在的民事主体,对胎儿利益的保护程度是衡量一个国家法制文明和社会进步的重要标志。阐释胎儿利益的法律保护范围,考察其他国家和地区关于胎儿利益保护的立法,评析中国现行的相关立法并提出具体的完善建议。     

从欧盟一体化看自由贸易与保护主义

本文以欧盟共同经济政策为实例 ,介绍了自由贸易和保护主义对欧盟经济及世界贸易的影响。作者认为贸易政策选择的标准是是否更能促进经济发展。随着经济全球化的进程 ,自由贸易已成为不可逆转的主流 ,区域性保护主义必将被废除。     

Immigration policies that include or exclude: a South African public opinion study of immigration policy preferences

South Africa is a regional hub for migration on the African continent and is home to a growing documented international migrant community. Foreigners in the country, however, often face violations of their established rights and are the victims of abuse. This paper examines public support for policies that would exclude international migrants from the country. Data from the 2013 South African Social Attitudes Survey, a nationally representative opinion poll (N = 2739) of all adults in the country, are used. This poll found that many South Africans favoured restrictive immigration policies and opposed granting foreigners the same rights as citizens. Multivariate analysis is employed to discern determinants of this opposition. Respondents’ perceptions of the population sizes of foreigners in their communities did not affect support for inclusion. It can be inferred, therefore, that the growth of the immigrant population has not provoked exclusionary attitudes in the country. Rather, results revealed, it is national pride (cultural versus political) and fears about the consequences of immigration that drive such attitudes. Programmes and policies designed to improve public perceptions of how foreigner impact society and the promotion of a nationalism characterised by inclusive multicultural civic patriotism may improve public support for the inclusion of international immigrants.     

流通企业影响力的制度分析

与生产企业相比,流通企业的发展较少受技术水平的影响,而主要取决于资本和劳动力投入。而我国长期以来对中外资企业、公有制和私有制企业实行区别对待的政策,致使各种所有制企业处于不公平的竞争环境中,由此严重地影响了我国流通企业的竞争力和影响力。尽快建立公平的外部竞争环境,是提升我国流通企业影响力的必要条件,也是完善市场经济体制的必然要求。     

中国的横向政府竞争:问题与对策

在官员选拔制下,中国的横向政府竞争体现出典型"囚徒困境"的特征,其表现就在于严重的地方保护主义和重复建设问题。如果中央政府能够充分发挥地方政府横向竞争的"调控者"作用,中国的横向政府竞争将能达致一个较优的结果。     

后危机时代印度对华反倾销的新特征与我国的应对

印度是世界上出台反倾销法较晚的国家之一,但印度的反倾销法不仅具有自身的独特之处,而且在实施过程中一直存在泛化现象。特别是2008年金融危机以来,印度政府频频对我国举起反倾销大棒,成为WTO成员中对我国发起反倾销调查最多的国家。因此,我国应积极通过政府、行业协会及企业三个层面的协调运作与共同努力,多方位对印度这种滥用反倾销行为加以必要的制约,以切实维护我国相关出口企业的合法权益。     

Price controls, trade protectionism and political business cycles in the U.S. steel industry

The U.S. steel industry is subject to a microeconomic political business cycle resulting from U.S. Presidents designing protectionist policies on behalf of the steel industry; experiencing complaints from consumers and foreign producers as a result of the policy; modifying the policy which results in complaints from the steel industry; and finally, maneuvering policy back in favor of the industry to achieve re-election. Using a cointegrating vector error correction framework, this paper tests the hypothesized political business cycle for its effect on steel prices. We find that trade protectionism does not seem to have succeeded in its primary objective of supporting prices. By expending so much political capital on ineffective trade protection, the steel industry may have lost the opportunity to focus on more substantive issues that might have restrained factor cost and enhanced its competitive ability. The devolution of the steel industry, ironically, may have resulted from it's persistent pleas for protection. Political business cycles in the steel industry, with all its attendant negative consequences, would not occur if the steel industry did not continually lobby for protection.     

地方保护主义的危害及其应对策略

指出“地方保护主义”是我国社会进步、经济发展中存在的一大弊端 ,它严重地阻碍、甚至破坏社会主义市场经济的正常动作 ,干扰社会的安定团结。这种不顾全局、危害国家和人民利益的作法几乎渗透到了各个部门和行业 ,对大多数干部来说 ,它绝非是简单的思想认识问题 ,而是在认识问题庇护下的犯罪活动 ,应毫不手软地予以严肃处理。