论精神病人的离婚诉权保障

精神病人作为婚姻关系的一方当事人,其离婚诉权依法应得到保护。从离婚诉权的基本内涵入手,考查精神病人离婚诉权的立法及司法现状,结合存在的问题提出完善的构想。     

基于协同救助的海上救助报酬合理分配方法

海上救助报酬是为鼓励人们冒险参与海上救援,由受益人给予救助人的补偿和回报,具有射幸性,奉行“无效果、无报酬”的给付原则。本文以救助方成本性和非成本性投入对救助效果的贡献为依据,首先对各方的成本性投入进行补偿;然后从资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性两个维度对各救助方的贡献进行综合评价,并按贡献度对“剩余”部分进行二次分配,两次分配之和即为各救助方所获得的分配总额。通过运用“重购成本”和Shapley值法分别对资源要素的关键性和参与人的重要性进行客观度量,该方法可同时解决共同救助报酬的外部分配与内部分配问题,不仅避免了目前各国司法实践中按成本投入比例进行分配的不合理性,也更能体现相关国际公约和国内立法有关救助报酬分配的原则。     

Deconvolution Estimation of Onset of Pregnancy with Replicate Observations

In general, the precise date of onset of pregnancy is unknown and may only be estimated from ultrasound biometric measurements of the embryo. We want to estimate the density of the random variables corresponding to the interval between last menstrual period and true onset of pregnancy. The observations correspond to the variables of interest up to an additive noise. We suggest an estimation procedure based on deconvolution. It requires the knowledge of the density of the noise which is not available. But we have at our disposal another specific sample with replicate observations for twin pregnancies. This allows both to estimate the noise density and to improve the deconvolution step. Convergence rates of the final estimator are studied and compared with other settings. Our estimator involves a cut‐off parameter for which we propose a cross‐validation type procedure. Lastly, we estimate the target density in spontaneous pregnancies with an estimation of the noise obtained from replicate observations in twin pregnancies.     

A Monte Carlo comparison of some variance estimators of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator

At the design and estimation stage of a survey, large survey organization often uses auxiliary information. This article discusses various procedures for improving variance estimation of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator of a finite population total with the aid of auxiliary information. To study the design-based properties of the proposed variance estimators relative to the standard one, a small scale Monte Carlo study is performed.     

Approximate estimations in capture–recapture model with heteroscedastic measurement errors

In a capture–recapture experiment, the number of measurements for individual covariates usually equals the number of captures. This creates a heteroscedastic measurement error problem and the usual surrogate condition does not hold in the context of a measurement error model. This study adopts a small measurement error assumption to approximate the conventional estimating functions and the population size estimator. This study also investigates the biases of the resulting estimators. In addition, modifications for two common approximation methods, regression calibration and simulation extrapolation, to accommodate heteroscedastic measurement error are also discussed. These estimation methods are examined through simulations and illustrated by analysing a capture–recapture data set.     

Flexible parametric estimation technique for a competing risks model with unobserved heterogeneity: a Monte Carlo study

We analyse a flexible parametric estimation technique for a competing risks (CR) model with unobserved heterogeneity, by extending a local mixed proportional hazard single risk model for continuous duration time to a local mixture CR (LMCR) model for discrete duration time. The state-specific local hazard function for the LMCR model is per definition a valid density function if we have either one or two destination states. We conduct Monte Carlo experiments to compare the estimated parameters of the LMCR model, and to compare the estimated parameters of a CR model based on a Heckman–Singer-type (HS-type) technique, with the data-generating process parameters. The Monte Carlo results show that the LMCR model performs better or at least as good as the HS-type model with respect to the estimated structure parameters in most of the cases, but relatively poorer with respect to the estimated duration-dependence parameters.     

西方学界关于民主与腐败关系的研究

西方学界关于"民主与腐败关系"的探讨有3种流派:第1种流派认为,民主与腐败不存在此消彼长的必然联系,第2种流派认为,民主与腐败存在线性关系,该流派分为民主有利于腐败治理和不利于腐败治理2种观点,第3种流派认为,民主与腐败存在非线性关系,即一个国家的腐败程度在民主化的不同阶段有较大差异,该流派分为"倒U型"、"S型"和"J型"关系3种观点。西方学界关于"民主与腐败关系"的探讨取得了重大进展,实现了从静态研究向动态研究,从定性研究向定量研究的转化。     

论不定罪没收的程序构建

修正后的《刑事诉讼法》针对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡的案件,增设了不定罪而没收犯罪所得的特别程序,以此来落实有关国际条约规定的义务,加大反腐反恐的力度。不定罪没收程序的设计,主要源于《联合国反腐败公约》关于资产追回的规定。认真分析《联合国反腐败公约》的条款并借鉴他国立法实践,有利于不定罪没收程序的实践运行。     

“一体多元”论

论述了“一体多元”理论内涵中的5项重要内容,即一体之“一”、一体之“体”、多元之“多”、多元之“元”以及心物相即的真相是“一体多元”;以此5项内容为根本,对“一体”、“多元”以及潜藏在或者生发在“一体”、“多元”中的“无体无元”做了一次原创性的区分与综合,并在这种区分与综合的辩证建构与解构中对其进行了分析。分析认为：人类生命的主观与宇宙万有的客观,即心物的根本特质就是“一体多元”,提示了人类心灵实践进向的新的可能性。     

社会转型期法律治理的心理基础——转型期社会“有法律无秩序”的社会心理学解读

社会转型意味着社会体制的急剧变革和社会结构的重大转变,意味着社会秩序控制机制的转型,"通过法律的社会控制"必然成为人们最明智的选择。为克服"有法律无秩序"现象,应当通过以利益均衡为基础回应型法的建立,以及在此基础上社会民众法律信仰的培育和法律适用行为"合法性"的建构,使法律治理获得社会心理的普遍支持。