Saddlepoint-Based Bootstrap Inference for Quadratic Estimating Equations

Abstract.  We propose an easy to implement method for making small sample parametric inference about the root of an estimating equation expressible as a quadratic form in normal random variables. It is based on saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of the estimating equation whose unique root is a parameter's maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), while substituting conditional MLEs for the remaining (nuisance) parameters. Monotoncity of the estimating equation in its parameter argument enables us to relate these approximations to those for the estimator of interest. The proposed method is equivalent to a parametric bootstrap percentile approach where Monte Carlo simulation is replaced by saddlepoint approximation. It finds applications in many areas of statistics including, nonlinear regression, time series analysis, inference on ratios of regression parameters in linear models and calibration. We demonstrate the method in the context of some classical examples from nonlinear regression models and ratios of regression parameter problems. Simulation results for these show that the proposed method, apart from being generally easier to implement, yields confidence intervals with lengths and coverage probabilities that compare favourably with those obtained from several competing methods proposed in the literature over the past half-century.     

Bayesian analysis of threshold autoregressions

A nonasymptotic Bayesian approach is developed for analysis of data from threshold autoregressive processes with two regimes. Using the conditional likelihood function, the marginal posterior distribution for each of the parameters is derived along with posterior means and variances. A test for linear functions of the autoregressive coefficients is presented. The approach presented uses a posterior p-value averaged over the values of the threshold. The one-step ahead predictive distribution is derived along with the predictive mean and variance. In addition, equivalent results are derived conditional upon a value of the threshold. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the approach.     

On concurrence of several linear regressions and applications to problems of enzyme kinetics

In comparing several regressions E(y_ij) =α_i + β_ix_ij i = 1, 2, ..., k, j = 1,2, ..., n_i, researchers are generally interested in the following five problems: whether they have (1) equal slope, (2) equal intercept, (3) coincidence, (4) common intersection on X-axis, and (5) common intersection on (X,Y) - plane. Problems (1) - (3) can be put into the framework of the general linear hypothesis and the F-test can be used. However, problems (4) and (5) cannot be put into the general linear hypothesis because they are ratios of parameters. Hence, in this paper we consider the generalized likelihood ratio test for hypothesis testing. An application to an enzyme kinetics problem in Aniline Metabolism is demonstrated     

一类地下水水质污染问题广义解的唯一性及对初值和自由项的连续依赖性

本文讨论了一类地下水水质污染问题，其数学模型为一组非线性双曲—抛物耦合方程组，并证明了在相应初边值条件下广义解的唯一性及对初值和自由项的连续依赖性．     

Influence Diagnostics of Semiparametric Nonlinear Reproductive Dispersion Models

This article proposes a semiparametric nonlinear reproductive dispersion model (SNRDM) which is an extension of nonlinear reproductive dispersion model and semiparametric regression model. Maximum penalized likelihood estimators (MPLEs) of unknown parameters and nonparametric functions in SNRDMs are presented. Some novel diagnostic statistics such as Cook distance and difference deviance for parametric and nonparametric parts are developed to identify influence observations in SNRDMs on the basis of case-deletion method, and some formulae readily computed with the MPLEs algorithm for diagnostic measures are given. The equivalency of case-deletion models and mean-shift outlier models in SNRDM is investigated. A simulation study and a real example are used to illustrate the proposed diagnostic measures.     

A cubic smoothing spline based lack of fit test for nonlinear regression models

The use of a statistic based on cubic spline smoothing is considered for testing nonlinear regression models for lack of fit. The statistic is defined to be the Euclidean squared norm of the smoothed residual vector obtained from fitting the nonlinear model, The asymptotic distribution of the statistic is derived under suitable smooth local alternatives and a numerical example is presented.     

一类n阶非线性微分方程多点边值问题解的存在性

利用Leray-Schauder度理论建立了n阶非线性微分方程y(n)=f(x,y,y′,…,y(n-1)),n≥3,满足多点边界条件yn-1(0)-hyn-2(0)=0,y(i)(ηi)=0,i=0,1,…,n-3,y(n-1)(1)+ky(n-2)(1)=0.的多点边值问题的解存在性的几个充分条件,并给出了应用举例.     

气泡振动Noltingk-Neppiras方程的解析解的存在性

从Noltingk—Neppiras方程出发，考察了存在外加声场情况下的单气泡非线性振动方程。从理论上证明了该气泡振动方程周期解的存在性，并给出了方程的解析解。     

基于支持向量机的传感器非线性误差校正

提出了一种用支持向量机校正传感器非线性误差的原理和方法。该算法只依据样本就可以正确辩识传感器逆模型特征,而不需关于逆模型函数形式的任何先验知识,并将原问题转化为一个凸二次优化问题,能够保证找到的极值解就是全局最优解,具有较好的泛化能力。通过对电容式湿敏传感器误差校正的应用表明:该算法可取得较好的效果。     

基于MATLAB的PID控制器设计

介绍了Ziegler-Nichols规则的PID控制器设计,给出了基于MATLAB的实现方法和仿真.仿真结果表明,此算法设计的PID控制器有良好的性能指标.