Factores asociados a la expresión del prejuicio como determinantes de la reducción de la discriminación

Resumen

El presente artículo analiza los procesos de reducción de la discriminación que acontecen como consecuencia del conflicto asociado a la expresión de un prejuicio. Dos factores asociados a la expresión del prejuicio son analizados como determinantes de este proceso. Por un lado se considera que determinadas relaciones entre grupos permiten la actual discriminación, y que su reducción acontecerá cuando una actitud desfavorable se exprese en el marco de una relación interpersonal que responsabilice al individuo de la expresión de tal prejuicio. En segundo lugar se considera que la reducción de la discriminación acontecerá cuando la expresión de una actitud desfavorable hacia un grupo vaya en contra de una norma antidiscriminatoria. Un estudio experimental sobre la discriminación que sufren los fumadores aporta resultados que confirman las predicciones establecidas por este modelo.     

Introduction: Transnational futures of international labour law

This Special Issue on transnational labour law is placed in the context of the ILO centenary and the challenge of achieving the objective of decent work in a new century, under distinct transnational pressures. The author argues that international labour law, as the normative core of transnational labour law, can play a crucial role – in conjunction with a wide range of actors and the ILO in its standard-setting and convenor capacities – in addressing this challenge and in reshaping the transnational legal architecture.     

The Effect of the Mobbing on Organizational Commitment in the Hospital Setting: A Field Study

ABSTRACT

Mobbing includes any kind of systematic behaviors, such as threats, humiliation, and violence, committed by an employee against his or her colleagues, subordinates, or managers. In recent years, reoccurring and persistent mobbing behaviors that result in a power imbalance between harasser and victim are increasing. These unethical behaviors can affect organizational commitment, employee efficiency, motivation, job satisfaction, and potential staff burnout. To measure this concept a questionnaire was given to 320 administrative staff in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Significance was noted between mobbing and affective responses and continuance of employment. In addition, findings support that the majority of the respondents (79%) reported experiencing mobbing and of these 32% reported that these behaviors continued for a duration of 2–5 years. Reasons for these types of behaviors in the work environment included: job stress, administrative/supervisor/management problems, and work performance. The majority of the respondents who were victims did nothing in response. In closing, a correlation analysis was conducted to specifically address the relationship between mobbing and organizational commitment and no significant relationship was found. Reasons for these responses are discussed along with suggestions and practice implications.     

Constructing ‘normal childhoods’: young people talk about young carers

There has been a great deal of attention paid to young carers in recent research, social policy and service provision. In this paper we report on a survey and interview study of 46 young people aged 15 to 18, nine of whom had experience as young carers, to explore the ways in which young people construct the young carer and their disabled parent. A key theme arising from the interview data analysis is the construction of a series of normative assumptions about ‘normal’ childhood through which young carers and their disabled parent are viewed as non‐normative and deficient. The predominantly negative construction of both parent and child/carer is critically analyzed and alternatives suggested in the discussion of these findings.     

我国危机事件下从众意向模型——基于FISHBEIN合理行为模型的修正研究

在合理行为模型的基础上建立我国的危机事件从众行为意向模型,并应用该模型对2类典型危机事件下的从众行为进行问卷调查和实证分析。在合理行为模型的基础上添加了信息性社会影响因变量,并根据已有研究在变量之间增加了新的联系。以未知性的流感病毒传播和水灾捐助为例,通过实证研究对模型进行了修正,使其具有很好的解释能力。实证结果表明,危机事件下自我救助性从众行为中信息性社会影响将占据主导作用,而在助他性从众行为中规范性社会影响占据主导作用,在2种不同的从众行为中,信息性社会影响与规范性社会影响的作用方式也表现迥异。     

黑社会性质组织基本特征的实践展开

根据《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》的规定,黑社会性质组织应当同时具备"组织"、"经济"、"行为"和"非法控制"四个基本特征。司法机关对同一法律文本的不同解读不仅直接关涉黑社会性质组织犯罪圈之大小,而且更与宽严相济基本刑事政策价值的真正实现紧密相关。由于对地方域情的过多考量以及构成要件要素的不当添加,各地司法机关对黑社会性质组织的四个基本特征做出了不同的解读,并因此陷入了司法不统一的现实困境。若欲走出这一司法困境,宜将四个基本特征置于黑社会性质组织犯罪构成中作分类解释,尤其需要尽量释明"规范性的犯罪构成要件要素",同时注重相关司法经验的合理提升,将抽象立法条文合理量化,从而廓清黑社会性质组织的实践内涵。     

《文心雕龙》"循体成势"说

本文评述了对《定势》篇中"势"的五种理解,包括"法度""标准"说、"体态"说、"表现形式"说、"风格倾向"说和"文体风格"说,并认为"文体风格"说的思路大体正确,但提法似可商榷。同时根据对"文体论"的系统思考,指出刘勰所要定的"势"是语体之势,并通过与徐复观文体论的比较,进一步确认刘勰的"势"属于文体系统的语体层面,还概括了刘勰运用语体之势的三个原则。     

Learning Economics: A Cautionary Tale

This essay supports Etzioni's (2015) “The Moral Effects of Economic Teaching” by conceptually analyzing the way that classical economics depicts the worldview of humankind and the methodology of its presentation to students and the general public. The essay concludes (with Etzioni) that this combination can create a morally corrupting paradigm for the student in search of truth.     

法律事实辨析

法律事实是依据法律规范能够引起特定法律后果的事件和行为 ,但作为规范的法律事实与判决中的法律事实是两个极为不同的概念。作为规范的法律事实是指社会生活中有关权利义务关系的行为和交往规则 ,是一种社会事实或制度事实 ;判决中的法律事实则是依据程序和证据规则认定的生活或自然事实 ,具有二重性。一方面裁判事实必须与客观事实相竞合 ,否则裁判事实作为一种事实判断就是一个伪命题 ;另一方面裁判事实必须符合规范事实 ,否则裁判事实即使符合客观事实 ,但在法律上它也只是一个无意义的命题 ,不能作为权利义务关系产生、变更和消灭的依据     

行政诉讼异地审判的规范分析

异地审判是我国近年来行政诉讼中涌现出来的司法新现象。它虽属制度创新,但在现有的法律规定中,却有着雄厚的规范基础和充分的依据。《行政诉讼法》中有关立法目的、管辖权安排和回避的相关规定,都从不同方面对异地审判进行了规范上的诠释。