图像､身体与死亡:汉斯·贝尔廷“图像的具身化”

汉斯·贝尔延提出“图像—媒介一身体”三位一体的图像人类学理论,以身体为核心,旨在强调身体之于图像的重要性.一方面,对图像的制作、感知和理解皆是通过身体来完成的;另一方面,身体也承载着记忆、想象、梦等心灵图像.与此同时,制作图像的原始动机在于对死亡的克服,这就使得图像与影子一样不但是对死者身体的真实复刻,而且也把图像赋予灵魂,是死者身体活生生的再现,表现为死者图像的“具身化”.我们可以借助胡塞尔的图像意识的现象学来更好地理解图像的“具身化”问题.     

Pictures of you: God images,gun ownership,and empowerment in the United States

Objective

In the current study, we seek to shed new light on the role of religion in American gun culture by considering whether images people hold of God affect the probability of gun ownership and the experience of empowerment through guns for religious Americans (i.e., the extent to which owners derive security, identity, and status from their guns).

Methods

We analyze nationally representative data from the 2021 Baylor Religion Survey in the United States. Binary logistic and ordinary least squares regression models were used.

Results

We failed to observe any associations between God images and gun ownership. However, among gun owners (n = 430), belief in an engaged God was associated with lower levels of gun empowerment, while belief in a judgmental God was associated with higher levels.

Conclusion

God images may contribute to the experience of empowerment through guns by representing spiritual connection and intimacy or divine anger and retribution. We suggest that future research delve deeper into the intersection of God images and gun-related beliefs and behaviors.     

传神写照美学思想对革命历史题材电影人物形象塑造的影响

传神写照美学思想对革命历史题材电影的人物形象塑造深具影响,深受传统文化濡染与熏陶的电影编创者,在塑造革命历史题材电影的人物形象时,自觉吸收和借鉴传神写照的传统美学思想,并在创作中巧妙地加以移植和融凝,以开拓创新精神不断丰富着电影的思想内涵和艺术技法.编创者采用突出人物个性特征、侧重细节刻画、正反角色对比、重神轻形等艺术创作方法细腻描写人物的容貌秉性、内心情感和精神风貌,彰显人物的气质神韵,在银幕上成功塑造出无数栩栩如生、血肉丰满、神完气足的人物形象.传神写照美学思想在革命历史题材电影中的艺术表现,大大增强了影片的思想性、艺术性和观赏性,从而造就了一大批脍炙人口、影响广泛而深远的红色经典.