消费文化转型的激励机制与“两型社会”的构建

消费文化具有引导、凝聚和激励的社会效应,实现消费文化由传统向现代的转型,对于"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会的构建有着不可或缺的作用.因此,有必要在明确"两型社会"消费文化转型取向的基础上,探求消费文化转型的激励机制,以期对推动"两型社会"的构建进程有所裨益.     

中国是否拥有原油的国际定价权？——基于油价间独立性与传导性视角

在目前国际原油以期货市场定价的格局下,如何判别中国原油期货价格是否已经拥有了国际定价权是一个亟待解决的理论和现实问题。本文基于多变量单方向因果测度统计分析方法,聚焦原油期货市场定价的独立性与传导性,以上海国际能源交易中心的原油期货价格（INE）为例进行实证分析。研究发现：第一,INE在短、中期内未受到WTI、Brent等原油期货价格的因果影响,具有价格发现功能,但是尚不具备长期独立性;第二,在本文的样本区间与美元兑人民币汇率条件下,上海原油期货采用人民币计价可以增强其对WTI、Brent的影响力,同时减弱二者的影响力,彰显出人民币计价的双重定价优势;第三,WTI和Brent油价作为基准油价指标,INE作为非基准油价指标满足本文所创建的国际基准油价之间应长期相互独立、基准油价对非基准油价应具有传导性的研判标准,反映了该标准的科学性。     

基于人体膳食均衡视角下的我国果蔬消费趋势预测与结构优化

水果和蔬菜是为人体提供矿物质、维生素、膳食纤维等营养元素的重要农产品,我国居民饮食中普遍存在着能量相对过剩、果蔬摄入量不足的问题。以人体膳食均衡为研究视角,研究我国果蔬消费趋势和结构优化问题,结果表明：按照当前的消费趋势发展,我国居民营养摄入不足与过剩同在的问题依然无法得到解决;我国政府在制定水果和蔬菜战略布局的决策中,应综合考虑人体的膳食营养均衡和未来市场营养需求,以实现我国果蔬产业布局优化;消费者在进行水果和蔬菜消费购买行为时,应在营养膳食均衡的基础上进行合理消费。     

顾客非理性消费行为机理探析

非理性消费已经成为零售企业利润的重要来源,得到学术界的普遍关注。认为顾客非理性消费行为是受到内在的、最本质的特殊顾客需要驱使而产生的不合理行为,揭示了驱动顾客非理性消费行为的顾客需要,并探讨了情绪状态因素调节顾客需要与顾客非理性消费行为关系的作用机理。基于416份问卷的调查结果,社交需要、释压需要和求廉需要是驱使顾客产生非理性消费行为的主要内在动因,情绪对特殊的顾客需要具有不同的调节作用。旨在丰富顾客非理性消费行为的知识,为商家实施目标营销、新服务开发提供重要理论支持。     

我国居民文化消费影响因素探析

运用我国1983—2012年的数据,通过实证分析考察了可支配收入、教育水平、金融发展和政府文化事业支出对我国居民文化消费的影响。长期均衡分析结果表明,教育水平和金融发展对我国居民文化消费具有显著的促进作用;教育水平提高1%,居民文化消费增加0.454%;金融机构信贷提高1%,居民文化消费增加0.363%;可支配收入和政府文化事业支出对居民文化消费的影响不显著。脉冲响应分析结果表明,可支配收入冲击对居民文化消费的影响在短期由正向转为负向,教育水平冲击和金融发展冲击对居民文化消费短期具有正向影响,政府文化事业支出冲击对居民文化消费短期具有负面影响。根据实证分析的结论,文章提出了扩大我国居民文化消费的政策建议。     

The changing practice of eating: evidence from UK time diaries, 1975 and 2000

This paper examines some central themes about change in consumption behaviour through an empirical investigation of the practice of eating. It analyses patterns of food consumption in the UK using time diary data from 1975 and 2000. The practice of eating is decomposed into four component activities which are used to explore systematically the inter-relationships between social processes - such as commodification and temporal fragmentation - and ways of providing and consuming food. It charts the expansion of eating out, the degree to which it substitutes for other eating activities, and the implications of its development for social relations and the temporal organization of daily life. Analysis reveals that food consumption continues to be differentiated along established lines of social division, although the content of those divisions has changed and varies across components of the practice. Increasing commodification of the food chain is documented, but without appearing to have a corrosive impact on household organization or social relationships. While tendencies indicative of temporal fragmentation are revealed, counter-tendencies exist which suggest that the practice of eating is resilient to many forms of external pressure. Finally, the application of a practice-based analytical approach permits critical evaluation of theories of social transformation.     

中国居民自有住房虚拟租金的一个估算

居民自有住房服务价值应纳入GDP核算,但各国对自有住房服务虚拟租金的估算方法存在差异,当前主要的核算方法为市场租金法和使用成本法。采用使用成本法对中国居民自有住房虚拟租金重新估算,发现2004—2012年间居民自有住房虚拟租金年均达3.2万亿元,最近三年年均达到4万亿。中国统计部门基于建筑成本估算的虚拟租金大大低估了居民居住支出,2004—2012年间年均低估达2.3万亿元,近三年年均低估达3万亿元。调整后的居住消费占GDP比重达到11%~14%,高于官方6%的统计数据,仅自有住房虚拟租金的重新调整就提高了4%~5%的居民消费率,随着居民收入提高,城市化进程加快,居住消费支出还将增长。     

Combining forecasts of electricity consumption in China with time-varying weights updated by a high-order Markov chain model

Electricity consumption forecasting has been always playing a vital role in power system management and planning. Inaccurate prediction may cause wastes of scarce energy resource or electricity shortages. However, forecasting electricity consumption has proven to be a challenging task due to various unstable factors. Especially, China is undergoing a period of economic transition, which highlights this difficulty. This paper proposes a time-varying-weight combining method, i.e. High-order Markov chain based Time-varying Weighted Average (HM-TWA) method to predict the monthly electricity consumption in China. HM-TWA first calculates the in-sample time-varying combining weights by quadratic programming for the individual forecasts. Then it predicts the out-of-sample time-varying adaptive weights through extrapolating these in-sample weights using a high-order Markov chain model. Finally, the combined forecasts can be obtained. In addition, to ensure that the sample data have the same properties as the required forecasts, a reasonable multi-step-ahead forecasting scheme is designed for HM-TWA. The out-of-sample forecasting performance evaluation shows that HM-TWA outperforms the component models and traditional combining methods, and its effectiveness is further verified by comparing it with some other existing models.     

我国成品油流通行业市场进入的博弈分析

利用博弈理论分析我国成品油流通市场，发现：适度的、透明的市场进入固定成本对整个市场结构是有利的；要使成品油流通市场更有效率，并保护各方利益，政府应鼓励流通领域竞争，并更大限度地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用，从而逐渐形成合理有效的市场结构。     

Electricity consumption and economic growth in Nigeria: Evidence from cointegration and co-feature analysis

The paper investigates the causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Nigeria during the period 1980–2006. The results of our estimation show that real gross domestic product (rGDP) and electricity consumption (ele) are cointegrated and there is only unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption (ele) to (rGDP). Then we applied Hodrick–Prescott (HP) filter to decompose the trend and the fluctuation components of the rGDP and electricity consumption (ele) series. The estimation results show that there is cointegration between the trend and the cyclical components of the two series, which seems to suggest that the Granger causality is possibly related with the business cycle. The paper suggests that investing more and reducing inefficiency in the supply and use of electricity can further stimulate economic growth in Nigeria. The results should, however, be interpreted with caution because of the possibility of loss in power associated with the small sample size and the danger of omitted variable bias that could result from the use of bi-variate analysis.