Determinants of perceived occupational stress among Chinese offshore oil workers

This is the first comprehensive study to explore the determinants of perceived sources of occupational stress among workers in the rapidly expanding Chinese offshore oil industry. In this study we surveyed 561 Chinese workers in a state-owned oil company using a questionnaire that measured occupational stress and Type A personality behaviour (TABP), social support and other socio-demographic data. Occupational stress was assessed by the Occupational Stress Scale, adapted from the questionnaire developed in previous studies (Cooper & Sutherland, 1987; Sutherland & Cooper, 1996). Using factor analyses, we identified nine sources of stress: 'interface between job and family/social life'; 'career and achievement'; 'safety'; 'management problems and relationship with workmates'; 'physical environment of workplace'; 'living environment'; 'managerial role'; 'ergonomics'; and 'organizational structure'. We performed hierarchical regression analyses on each source of stress with variables reflecting socio-demographic characteristics, TABP and social support. Better-educated workers perceived more stress from the interface between their job and family or social life and career achievement, but less stress from ergonomics. Type A workers perceived more stress from career achievement and the living environment. Social support was significantly associated with four sources of stress. Workers with different job titles perceived stress from different sources. Our findings imply that, in the stress management of offshore oil workers, different strategies and methods could be applied to different occupational groups, and to workers with different personalities and socio-demographic characteristics.     

Job stress, social support, job satisfaction and absenteeism among offshore oil personnel

The major aim of this study was to examine how job stress in the offshore working environment may affect workers experience of strain. This study also analyses both the main and moderator effect of social support on the association between job stress and strain. The association between strain and absenteeism is also analysed. The analyses are based on a self-completion questionnaire survey among employees on offshore oil installations in the Norwegian part of the North Sea (n = 1137). The data collection was carried out in 1994. A similar study was conducted in 1990. Job stress was found to be associated with job dissatisfaction, as well as experience of strain. Social support from a supervisor had a main effect on strain. Some evidence of the moderating effects of social support were found. The employees who had been absent from work experienced most strain. It is concluded that job stress predicted job dissatisfaction and strain. In turn, strain and absenteeism were associated with each other. These results suggest that improving organizational and social factors should be the focal area in health promotion in the offshore oil industry.     

中亚石油地缘经济与中国地缘战略

中亚蕴藏着丰富的石油资源,这使得中亚石油地缘经济地位突出,地缘竞争更加复杂。中国现代化建设的迅速发展需要进口大量石油,中亚对于中国的能源安全、边疆稳定、新疆石油勘探、西北石油开发具有重大战略意义。因此,中国应通过能源外交、上海合作组织等强化其中亚地缘战略。     

油田炼化企业成本预算审计的程序与内容

文章阐述了油田炼化企业成本预算编制、成本预算执行过程、成本预算执行结果的审计过程和审计内容 ,对企业降低成本、提高经济效益具有重要意义     

人民币汇率体制调整与中国石油安全机制建设问题探讨

随着中国经济快速发展对石油消费需求的骤然增加,在国内生产供给能力受后备石油资源相对不足制约难以迅速增加的情况下,石油进口对外依赖程度也随之急增,因而保障石油安全供给已成为确保中国经济持续稳定发展、国家经济安全和政治稳定的关键。文章在分析人民币汇率体制调整对中国石油安全影响的基础上,探讨人民币汇率体制调整进程中的中国石油安全机制建设问题。     

世界石油市场“危机”及走向预测

上个世纪的世界石油市场曾一度染“病”在身。导致石油市场“病变”的关键因素是石油生产者丧失了对油价的控制能力。我们可以通过分析历史上的各个“危机”时期石油市场的“病因”,分析当今世界石油市场所处的状态,从短期和长期两方面预测其未来走向。     

对国际石油市场的理论分析和展望

2003年以来,随着石油价格的不断振荡攀升,经济理论界围绕当前国际石油市场在结构、发展趋势以及内在运行机制等方面的变化展开了分析和研究,在诸多问题上形成了争论。在此背景下,本文基于对国际石油市场基本组成要素的剖析,从需求和供应、OPEC的作用及其市场控制能力、市场竞争程度等三方面来探讨国际石油市场所发生的变化,指出当前石油价格暴涨的内在成因,并在此基础上展望国际油价今后的发展趋势。     

对中国消费者非转基因菜油支付意愿的研究

有关中国消费者关于转基因食品接受度的资料非常有限.本文则首次尝试对中国消费者关于非转基因(non-GM)食用油的支付意愿(WTP)问题进行评估.通过对北京的671个消费者进行调查采访,运用假设评价方法(contingent valuation),可推导出消费者对非转基因菜油的支付意愿.为避免调查者无响应引起的偏差,运用了双变量概率选择模式对调查数据进行分析.研究结果表明,消费者对非转基因菜油的支付意愿受到了许多因素的影响,比如价格、风险意识、受教育程度和知识水平等等.计算所得的WTP显示,平均而言,被调查者愿意支付33%的额外费用来消费非转基因菜油.这一结果表明,中国消费者对转基因油持有相当怀疑的态度.     

战后日本中东石油战略的调整及其启示

二战后日本中东石油战略的调整经历了获取石油开采权，建立海外石油基地；修改亲以政策，实行亲阿外交；从单纯的能源外交转向平衡外交；不愿过于依赖海湾阿拉伯国家，与伊朗联合开发油田的四个阶段。对中国的启示是重视战略石油储备的作用、增加勘探开发投入、使石油进口来源多元化。     

石油禁运--国际社会的重要制裁手段

石油最初被广泛使用的领域不是经济领域而是国防领域,因而石油禁运最初是第三国对交战国所采取的极端措施。由于经济全球化的条件不断积累,国际经济一体化程度日益加深,在国际斗争中,经济对抗手段具有不可替代的作用,甚至可以达成运用军事手段所难以达成的战略性目的。发达国家为攫取更多经济利益,就越来越多地运用经济强权,特别是石油禁运,对发展中国家进行经济压制、经济制裁、经济报复甚至经济打击。