零售业上市公司ERP实施前后绩效变化的实证研究

文章以1997-2009年间实施ERP的44家零售业上市公司为样本企业,利用Wilcoxon秩和检验和Panel数据分析比较了样本公司实施ERP前后绩效的变化。结果表明零售业上市公司实施ERP当年及实施后第一年,公司财务状况略有改善,第二年略有下降,第三年又出现上升趋势,但总体变化不显著。公司运营能力在实施ERP当年和实施后第一年除毛利率以外,其他指标都出现了不同程度的下降,其余年份变化不显著;总体上看,实施ERP对运营能力的影响要大于对财务状况的影响,实施ERP并未显著改善企业的财务状况和运营绩效,并且具有绩效短期下降的特点,但不存在生产率悖论现象。     

A Sales Forecast Model for Short‐Life‐Cycle Products: New Releases at Blockbuster

We develop, in this article, a sales model for movie and game products at Blockbuster. The model assumes that there are three sales components: the first is from consumers who have already committed to purchasing (or renting) a product (e.g., based on promotion of, or exposure to, the product prior to its launch); the second comes from consumers who are potential buyers of the product; and the third comes from either a networking effect on closely tied (as in a social group) potential buyers from previous buyers (in the case of movie rental and all retail products) or re‐rents (in the case of game rental). In addition, we explicitly formulate into our model dynamic interactions between these sales components, both within and across sales periods. This important feature is motivated by realism, and it significantly contributes to the accuracy of our model. The model is thoroughly tested against sales data for rental and retail products from Blockbuster. Our empirical results show that the model offers excellent fit to actual sales activity. We also demonstrate that the model is capable of delivering reasonable sales forecasts based solely on environmental data (e.g., theatrical sales, studio, genre, MPAA ratings, etc.) and actual first‐period sales. Accurate sales forecasts can lead to significant cost savings. In particular, it can improve the retail operations at Blockbuster by determining appropriate order quantities of products, which is critical in effective inventory management (i.e., it can reduce the extent of over‐stocking and under‐stocking). While our model is developed specifically for product sales at Blockbuster, we believe that with context‐dependent modifications, our modeling approach could also provide a reasonable basis for the study of sales for other short‐Life‐Cycle products.     

Strategic Motive for Introducing Internet Channels in a Supply Chain

Rapid advances of information technology in recent years have enabled both the manufacturers and the retailers to operate their own Internet channels. In this study, we investigate the interaction between the capabilities of introducing the Internet channels, the pricing strategies, and the channel structure. We classify consumers into two segments: grocery shoppers attach a higher utility from purchasing through the physical channel, whereas a priori Internet shoppers prefer purchasing online. We find that when the Internet shoppers are either highly profitable or fairly unimportant, the manufacturer prefers to facilitate the channel separation either through his own Internet channel or the retailer's. In the intermediate region, however, the manufacturer encroaches the grocery shoppers and steals the demand from the retailer's physical channel. With horizontal competition between retailers, a priori symmetric retailers may adopt different channel strategies as a stable market equilibrium. The manufacturer may willingly give up his Internet channel and leverage on the retailer competition. When the manufacturer sells through an online e‐tailer, Internet shoppers may be induced to purchase through the physical channel. This reverse encroachment strategy emerges because selling through the e‐tailer leads to a more severe double marginalization problem.     

中国零售业发展的八大矛盾及解决思路

伴随着20世纪90年代中期我国开始的一场综合性零售革命,零售业在快速发展的同时,也出现了一些新的矛盾。这些矛盾集中表现在八个方面:鼓励零售业发展和合理规制、扩大零售业对外开放和经济安全、推动城市化和扩大农村市场、零供合作和盈利模式转换、百货商店联营和自营、快速开店和规范化发展、店铺零售和网络销售、零售理论匮乏和实践发展。这些矛盾制约着未来中国零售业的健康发展,因此,本文对这八大矛盾的表现、成因进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决思路。     

计算机网络在大学口译教学中的作用

大学口译教学在近几十年来获得飞速发展,但仍存在一些不足。现代信息技术的发展和网络的普及,给大学口译教学提供了新的契机。网络资源内容丰富,种类繁多,使用便捷,可以给口译教师和学生提供有效的辅助,弥补教材、课时等方面的不足。从而有效促进高校英语口译教学,提高口译人才培养的质量。     

FDI对我国零售业溢出效应的影响

以我国零售业2005—2011年相关统计数据为基础,利用省际面板数据对零售业FDI溢出效应进行实证分析。研究结果表明,FDI的进入确实对我国零售业产生了正向的溢出效应,其影响力的大小为中部&;gt;东部&;gt;西部;资本密集度对我国零售业产生了较小的负面效应,职工平均工资水平是影响我国零售业劳动生产率的重要因素,零售企业规模在西部的影响力比在东中部地区更显著。     

基于寡头垄断的我国医药零售业市场结构合理化研究

我国医药零售业市场结构的典型特征主要表现为过度竞争.作为一种极具效率的市场结构,寡头垄断市场结构的构建有利于我国医药零售业市场结构的优化和产业组织效率的提升.通过制定实施以提高市场集中度为导向的产业组织政策、建立医药联盟等方式可以尽快促成寡头垄断市场结构的形成.     

关于S-3PAKE协议的漏洞分析

通过分析一种基于CCDH假设的简单三方密钥交换协议(S-3PAKE协议),指出了该协议未对攻击者可能的身份进行全面考虑,缺乏完备认证机制的缺陷,阐明了当攻击者本身就是与服务器共享一对认证口令的合法用户时,该协议不能有效地抵抗在线口令猜测攻击,并提出了一种对S-3PAKE协议进行在线口令猜测攻击的具体方法。使用该方法,攻击者只需与服务器进行通信,即可对其他用户的口令进行猜测分析。     

Item‐Level RFID in the Retail Supply Chain

Analyzing the proliferation of item‐level RFID, recent studies have identified the cost sharing of the technology as a gating issue. Various qualitative studies have predicted that conflict will arise, in particular in decentralized supply chains, from the fact that the benefits and the costs resulting from item‐level RFID are not symmetrically distributed among supply chain partners. To contribute to a better understanding of this situation, we consider a supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer. Within the context of this retail supply chain, we present analytic models of the benefits of item‐level RFID to both supply chain partners. We examine both the case of a dominant manufacturer as well as the case of a dominant retailer, and we analyze the results of an introduction of item‐level RFID to such a supply chain depending on these market power characteristics. Under each scenario, we show how the cost of item‐level RFID should be allocated among supply chain partners such that supply chain profit is optimized.     

Robot Map Verification of a Graph World

In the map verification problem, a robot is given a (possibly incorrect) map M of the world G with its position and orientation indicated on the map. The task is to find out whether this map, for the given robot position and its orientation in the map, is correct for the world G. We consider the world model of a graph G = (V _G, E _G) in which, for each vertex, edges incident to the vertex are ordered cyclically around that vertex. (This also holds for the map M = (V _M, E _M.) The robot can traverse edges and enumerate edges incident on the current vertex, but it cannot distinguish vertices (and edges) from each other. To solve the verification problem, the robot uses a portable edge marker, that it can put down at an edge of the graph world G and pick up later as needed. The robot can recognize the edge marker when it encounters it in the world G. By reducing the verification problem to an exploration problem, verification can be completed in O(|V _G| × |E _G|) edge traversals (the mechanical cost) with the help of a single vertex marker which can be dropped and picked up at vertices of the graph world (G. Dudek, M. Jenkin, E. Milios, and D. Wilkes, IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, vol. 7, pp. 859–865, 1991; Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 22(2), pp. 159–178, 1997). In this paper, we show a strategy that verifies a map in O(|V _M|) edge traversals only, using a single edge marker, when M is a plane embedded graph, even though G may not be planar (e.g., G may contain overpasses, tunnels, etc.).