Linking global value chains and supply chain management: evidence from the electric motors industry

The global value chain (GVC) framework and its central concept of governance are increasingly advocated as powerful tools for interpreting managerial issues with particular reference to global supply chain (SC) management. However, a gap still exists about how the GVC concepts, which have been developed at the industry level, can be applied at the company level. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate how the concepts of GVC structure and governance are related to the way the SC is managed. Several research propositions drawn from the literature are investigated by means of seven case studies in the electric motors industry. The results show that the GVC can be a useful framework for understanding and deploying SC management at the company level. Moreover, the analysis of the governance modes provides an effective tool to explain the existing degree of technological and operational collaboration in the SC. Finally, we show the importance of considering such contextual factors as company size and the competitive priorities of the company to move seamlessly between the GVC, at the industry level, and SC management, at the company level.     

Iterative Converging Algorithms for Computing Bounds on Durations of Activities in Pert and Pert-Like Models

Since its invention in 1958, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) has been widely used during the planning, design, and implementation of projects. Pert models the activities of a project as a single source-single sink directed acyclic graph where nodes represent events (end or beginning of activities) and arcs activities. The maximum amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the overall project is called the slack. Critical tasks have zero slack whereas all noncritical tasks have positive slacks. Pert is a valuable tool in the management of large projects since it allows to compute the slack of each activity of the project. Such information may be crucial in avoiding cost overruns that would be caused by delays to critical activities and/or excessive delays to noncritical activities. What Pert fails to provide is how one should go about distributing remaining slack on noncritical activities while taking into consideration properties of the activities as well as precedence relationships among them, so as to have reasonable upper bounds on duration of all activities, critical or noncritical. In this paper we propose several algorithms for the distribution of slack on non-critical activities. We show that if one desires to distribute the remaining slack proportionally to the initially assigned activity durations then the problem is in P, and propose an algorithm of linear time complexity. However if one desires to use distribution functions other than the initial durations of activities, then the problem of slack distribution becomes NP-complete. Finding the maximal bounds corresponding to zero-slack solution at the sink requires iterative application of exponential algorithm. For that case we introduce an approximation algorithm of linear time complexity on each iteration. The algorithm iteratively increases bounds on durations of activities and converges to the zero-slack solution on all paths from the source node to the sink node in the Pert-like graph. The algorithms described in this paper were successfully applied to solving timing bounds problems in VLSI design.     

建筑学专业课外工程实践体系的研究与实践

针对传统的人才培养模式存在的建筑系毕业生在工程实践能力方面的不足,结合应用型本科教育的特点,提出建筑学专业课外工程实践体系这一实训系统,探讨了体系的基本特点与保障措施,总结了取得的阶段性成果.     

基于战略导向的企业技术创新策略选择:一个实验研究

从战略视角出发,构建了企业技术创新战略动机与技术创新策略选择关系的概念模型,并在实验的框架下对相关假设进行了实证检验.实验结果表明,在其他情形相同的情况下,较为松弛的企业资源和较差的企业绩效会促使企业经营者对技术创新投入强度的增加,而且基于绩效导向的困境创新更倾向于采取见效快、风险小的技术购买方式,而基于竞争导向的松弛创新则更倾向于采取有利于构筑技术壁垒的自主研发方式.     

大学文化生态化建设的运行机制研究

在任何一个生态系统中,机制都起着基础性的作用。大学文化的生态化建设必须建立一套有效的运行机制,以持续保障大学文化的生态平衡。大学文化生态化建设的运行机制应遵循机制运行的一般规律和大学文化生态系统自身特．点来进行设计,一般包括组织保障机制、信息反馈机制、舆情处置机制、调整控制机制和评估监督机制,同时在机制运行过程中还应正确处理大学文化各主体之间、硬环境与软环境之间、物质文化与精神文化之间的关系。     

Transient analysis of an M/M/c queuing system with balking and retention of reneging customers

In this paper, we study an infinite capacity multi-server Markovian queuing system with balking and retention of reneging customers. The transient analysis of the model is performed. The probability generating function technique along with Bessel function properties is used to derive the time-dependent state probabilities explicitly.     

预算松弛:基于信息不对称理论的考察

以信息经济学理论能够解释预算松弛的产生动因及经济后果。预算管理"契约说"说明了预算松弛产生于预算管理中的信息不对称,并可以划分为预算制定("签约")中的"直接的预算松弛"和"间接的预算松弛",即整个预算管理过程中存在着"编制松弛"和"执行松弛"等概念。预算松弛和信息不对称之间的相互影响会导致基于这种效应的逆向选择和道德风险等经济后果。     

'I can see parents being reluctant': perceptions of parental involvement using child and family teams in schools

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes beliefs, and perceptions of school and community personnel regarding parental involvement via the implementation of child and family team meetings. Interviews were conducted with 10 school and community personnel in a high school in a small county in the south-eastern region of the USA. Several themes emerged from the data, including the definition of parental involvement, parental work and life circumstances, and parental esteem and position within schools. Findings suggest that school and community personnel hold conflicting beliefs regarding parents' desire and ability to be involved in their children's schooling. Recommendations for social work practitioners' implementation of child and family team meetings in the school context are provided.     

极小化最大完工时间的批到达同时加工排序问题

考虑工件成批到达的同时加工排序问题,目标函数为极小化最大完工时间.给出模型在特殊情况下的统筹算法和针对一般情况的局部统筹算法,并通过大量的实例计算来验证两启发式方法的有效性.     

资源松弛视角下企业技术创新策略选择的实物期权模型

组织资源对企业的创新行为具有重要作用.本文通过建立数学模型,采用实物期权分析方法,分析了松弛资源与技术创新策略选择之间的关系.分析结果表明:发掘、利用的松弛资源达到某一临界点时,能对选择基于研发的自主创新策略产生足够的激励;在基于技术引进的技术创新策略越来越难以实现的情况下,正确辨识、发掘、利用松弛资源对于提高组织的自主创新能力和绩效,显得格外重要.