贯彻《通用规范汉字表》需要澄清误解——以朱大可《汉字革命和文化断裂》为例

教育部、国家语委《通用规范汉字表》是中国今后一个时期在“通用”领域使用汉字必须遵守的规范。贯彻该《字表》必须澄清前一时期文化界对简化字的种种误解。朱大可所持简化字是“字母共产主义化”、“毛体字”，造成“文化断裂”的观点，以及他对某些字形的解说，对推行规范汉字有阻力作用。建议文化名人了解语言文字知识和汉字改革历史。     

新世纪中国生态批评与生态美学的发展及其问题域

20世纪90年代开始,生态美学、生态文艺学、生态批评的研究迅速成为中国文论研究中广受关注的前沿和热点问题之一。在经过了萌发和草创阶段之后,目前已进入了学理的探索、丰富和深化阶段。尽管中国生态批评及其理论形态的生态文艺学、生态美学目前尚未完全发展成熟,但理论上的尝试和建设及争鸣已开启了学科建构的新视角、新观点,极大地推动了学科的发展,中国的生态批评和生态美学研究已初见规模,并必将在新世纪中国文论建设中承担起自己的责任。     

巴洛克文学的多元文化价值及其影响场域

巴洛克文学曾受到文学批评史的不公正对待已是不争的事实。可是文学史的发展轨迹最终表明巴洛克文学具有多元文化价值、强大的生命力和不容忽视的影响场域。巴洛克文学的多元文化价值表现在：其一,生动再现17世纪欧洲各国的社会生活现实;其二,体现多元化的审美文化追求。巴洛克文学的影响场域表现为后世作家对其思想和艺术手法的借鉴、移植和化用,虽然亦存在着难以融合的断裂感和新异感。另外,这种影响还体现为一种追新逐异、兼收并蓄的＂巴洛克精神＂的广泛渗透。     

对常规注水泥温度场预测方法的评价

为了对常规注水泥温度场预测方法进行研究评价,分析了API方法和一些常用的经验方法,并对API公布的数据和国内首次实测的大量井下循环温度实际数据进行了对比,结果表明:常规预测温度的方法其平均相对误差均高于5%;虽然对于不同井深和不同的循环时间条件可以采用不同的经验系数由地层静止温度(BHST)来估计井下循环温度,但该方法受到地区和各种因素的限制,时常与实际差别较大,不可能很好地满足钻井和固井施工的要求。要获取更准确的井下温度分布,应加强对本地区井下循环温度的实测和热交换过程的计算机模拟研究。     

比较视野的中国职务发明专利授权的分类统计与政策含义

职务发明专利授权意味着企事业单位或机关团体作为专利权人取得其雇员所发明技术的专利权。职务发明专利授权量可反映一个国家企事业单位或机关团体在其发明专利申请受理国运用专利制度获取技术竞争力的水平。根据世界知识产权组织的《国际专利分类号与技术领域对照表》，对我国1986—2006年发明专利授权按技术领域进行分类统计；从静态和动态比较的角度，对我国国内和国外发明专利授权格局及其演变进行分析；并对上述分析结果的公共政策含义进行探讨。     

Fertility patterns of college graduates by field of study,US women born 1960–79

Building on recent European studies, we used the Survey of Income and Program Participation to provide the first analysis of fertility differences between groups of US college graduates by their undergraduate field of study. We used multilevel event-history models to investigate possible institutional and selection mechanisms linking field of study to delayed fertility and childlessness. The results are consistent with those found for Europe in showing an overall difference of 10 percentage points between levels of childlessness across fields, with the lowest levels occurring for women in health and education, intermediate levels for women in science and technology, and the highest levels for women in arts and social sciences. The mediating roles of the following field characteristics were assessed: motherhood employment penalties; percentage of men; family attitudes; and marriage patterns. Childlessness was higher among women in fields with a moderate representation of men, less traditional family attitudes, and late age at first marriage.     

基于Vague集模糊推理机制的温度控制系统设计

Vague集理论是一种新的模糊数学方法，它能准确地确定、描述判断事务的信息．利用Vague集理论知识，设计了一种新型的温度模糊控制器．控制器对温度的控制根据设置的规则，利用Vague集的相似度量推理方法，匹配最佳控制模式．控制器输出的控制量为数字量．实验结果表明，整个系统设计过程简单，步骤简化，模糊隶属度区间值容易确定，控制过程效果较好，有很好的应用价值．     

Relevance of Risk Predictions Derived from a Chronic Species Sensitivity Distribution with Cadmium to Aquatic Populations and Ecosystems

Criteria to protect aquatic life are intended to protect diverse ecosystems, but in practice are usually developed from compilations of single‐species toxicity tests using standard test organisms that were tested in laboratory environments. Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) developed from these compilations are extrapolated to set aquatic ecosystem criteria. The protectiveness of the approach was critically reviewed with a chronic SSD for cadmium comprising 27 species within 21 genera. Within the data set, one genus had lower cadmium effects concentrations than the SSD fifth percentile‐based criterion, so in theory this genus, the amphipod Hyalella, could be lost or at least allowed some level of harm by this criteria approach. However, population matrix modeling projected only slightly increased extinction risks for a temperate Hyalella population under scenarios similar to the SSD fifth percentile criterion. The criterion value was further compared to cadmium effects concentrations in ecosystem experiments and field studies. Generally, few adverse effects were inferred from ecosystem experiments at concentrations less than the SSD fifth percentile criterion. Exceptions were behavioral impairments in simplified food web studies. No adverse effects were apparent in field studies under conditions that seldom exceeded the criterion. At concentrations greater than the SSD fifth percentile, the magnitudes of adverse effects in the field studies were roughly proportional to the laboratory‐based fraction of species with adverse effects in the SSD. Overall, the modeling and field validation comparisons of the chronic criterion values generally supported the relevance and protectiveness of the SSD fifth percentile approach with cadmium.     

聚酯聚合反应分层温度控制系统

介绍了聚合釜聚酯聚合反应温度过程控制系统及其设计方法。控制系统以高性能单片机系统为直控机（DDC）,PC机为上位机（MIS）,直控机负责聚合釜釜温及夹套温度采集、分析、控制,并将参数送上位机。上位机负责控制过程的时间及温度值设定、温度监测、工作过程监控。     

纸机传动控制系统的配置与控制原理

针对纸机日益高速化、大型化的发展趋势，设计了国内先进的全数字化通信网络传动控制系统。系统采用西门子全集成自动化解决方案，实现造纸生产过程的全线集成控制。高可靠的工业现场总线PROFIBUS—DP和工业以太网相结合的网络结构，有效地实现了数据共享，全面解决了整个工艺过程的控制。文章详细介绍了控制系统的配置和功能，重点阐述了速度链、负荷分配控制、张力控制等主要控制原理。