Gendered Divisions of Fertility Work: Socioeconomic Predictors of Female Versus Male Sterilization

Domestic labor researchers have examined a multitude of duties disproportionately performed by women, yet the responsibility associated with navigating a couple's fertility—fertility work—has been overlooked. Using data from the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 1,415), the author examined how racial and socioeconomic factors affect the division of contraceptive fertility work among married and cohabiting women who rely on either their partners' vasectomies or their own sterilizations. Drawing theoretical connections between fertility work and housework, resource‐ and gender‐based perspectives were used to assess whether women's or their partners' characteristics are stronger predictors of sterilization type, and whether women's absolute or relative education level has a greater impact. Findings suggest that White and socioeconomically privileged women are more likely to have vasectomized partners than disadvantaged women. Male partners' characteristics were more closely associated with sterilization type than women's characteristics, lending greater support for the gender‐based hypotheses.     

论开放经济下通货膨胀的国际传导

在开放经济条件下 ,通货膨胀会向他国扩散 ,因而在不同的汇率制下 ,各国对此有不同的调节机制 ,但都难以彻底“隔疫”,而国际货币体系中金融霸权的存在对通货膨胀的国际传导有着深刻影响     

鱼肉肠的超高压杀菌工艺研究

以鱼肉肠为研究对象考察了处理压力、保压时间以及协同温度对微生物的影响,并采用正交试验优化了鱼肉肠的杀菌工艺条件.通过数据分析得出杀菌的最优化工艺条件为：操作压力400MPa、保压时间5min、协同温度30℃.     

‘The silence is roaring’: sterilization,reproductive rights and women with intellectual disabilities

This paper reviews the history of sterilization of women with intellectual disabilities, and considers its relevance to current practice regarding reproductive choice and futures. The paper provides an overview of published research on historical practices, focusing on the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries. Most of this research draws upon written records, centring on eugenics debates. However, emerging oral history testimonies gathered by the authors suggest that sterilization procedures were also conducted in the community, the result of private negotiations between parents and medical practitioners. The article presents these accounts and calls for an end to a ‘roaring silence’ on this issue. More empirical studies are needed to recover the experiences of women who have been sterilized and to explore how decisions about reproductive choice and capacity were made in the past and continue to be made today.     

同轴结构微波灭菌装置电磁特性模拟

根据细胞电穿孔机理,当外加电场达10~6V/m,细胞膜将被击穿,内部物质外泄导致细胞灭亡。以微波生物效应、电磁场集中理论为指导,采用CST软件模拟分析2450MHz,λ/4同轴腔形式的微波灭菌装置,得出电磁场结构分布图。结果表明,当输入功率达到10~2W量级时,灭菌区域满足细胞瞬态击穿的场强要求,能够实现空气的快速灭菌。     

永久性杂交玉米穗标本制作的研究

制作遗传学实验材料──杂交玉米穗，必须经过阴凉风干、灭菌消毒、涂刷清漆、密封保存等技术的精心处理之后，方能达到永久性使用的目的．     

VA菌根培养土的化学灭菌法研究

无菌土是得到 VA 菌根真菌纯培养的基础,本试验用化学药剂代替高压蒸汽进行土壤灭菌,结果表明,用土壤重量0.1%的甲醛处理土壤,达到了高压蒸汽灭菌的相同效果,并具有成本低、收益大、易操作等特点。这是目前用于农业生产的一种有效的、可行的、新的土壤灭菌方法,为 VA 菌根真菌在农业上的应用开辟了良好的前景。     

What Should Be the Implications of Uncertainty,Variability, and Inherent “Biases”/“Conservatism” for Risk Management Decision-Making?

This paper is a challenge from a pair of lifelong technical specialists in risk assessment for the risk-management community to better define social decision criteria for risk acceptance vs. risk control in relation to the issues of variability and uncertainty. To stimulate discussion, we offer a variety of straw man proposals about where we think variability and uncertainty are likely to matter for different types of social policy considerations in the context of a few different kinds of decisions. In particular, we draw on recent presentations of uncertainty and variability data that have been offered by EPA in the context of the consideration of revised ambient air quality standards under the Clean Air Act.