两种理论视野下的西欧穆斯林政治参与问题探析

20世纪60年代以来,穆斯林已经成为西欧社会不容忽视的现实存在,但是在政治参与方面,穆斯林远未能有效参与西欧各国的政治进程。穆斯林人口在种族、经济地位等方面的多样性是其有效参与政治的内在障碍。从资源动员理论和政治机会结构理论的分析可以发现,穆斯林对公民权、政治精英、参政渠道等政治资源的占有不足,加之欧洲殖民心理遗产的影响、欧洲的世俗化政策、伊斯兰恐惧症、外部穆斯林世界的影响等多种因素,共同构成了影响穆斯林广泛参与西欧政治生活的重要原因。     

城市流动摊贩管理：治理模式的转型与实现条件

城市流动摊贩管理难的根源在于传统治理结构和管理方式已经不适应目前社会发展的需要，因此，必须对传统的治理结构及其治理框架进行流程再造，即构建一个包括市民、社团、摊贩、社区、城管、政府6种力量为一体的社会协同、公众参与的治理模式，以促进摊贩经济、城市市容与百姓生活之间的相容和和谐。     

主审法官负责制的实现条件及当前应解决的问题

主审法官负责制是人民法院为实现司法公正解决司法独立问题所进行的内部结构性改革,在推行时须注意五大实现条件和解决好当前存在的三大问题。在实现条件上,要求主审法官有较高的业务素质和良好的政治道德素质,为此,应搞好法官的选任工作,在此基础上,建立完善的法官任职保障、物质保障制度和落实主审法官职务上的权利和义务。而须解决的三大问题是,当前应对现有法官队伍进行选拔淘汰并合理分流,对已任或新任法官加强培养工作,增强其业务技能,对行政化的审判业务运作机制应予以消除,实现主审法官独立办案。     

当代大学生中的政治冷漠现象

在当代大学生群体当中存在的政治冷漠现象是我国民主政治建设的大敌;导致当代大学生政治冷漠现象的产生主要有传统的政治文化,不完善的政治参与制度等宏观因素,还有大学生自身政治素质不高,政治恐惧心理和逆反心理存在等群体问题;提高大学生政治素质,营造政治参与氛围,改善政治参与制度,加强国情教育等将有利于促进大学生政治参与。     

我国环境影响评价公众参与制度中若干问题之评析

环境影响评价是预防环境污染和生态破坏的重要法律制度,公众参与是国内外环境保护领域的一项基本法律原则,对于环境影响评价制度的有效推行以及公共环境纠纷的防范具有重要意义。我国现有立法难以有效保障公众对环境影响评价的参与权的实现。因此,需要进一步明确参与环境影响评价的公众的范围和类型,扩大公众参与环境影响评价的范围,完善公众参与环境影响评价的方式,提高公众参与环境影响评价的效力。     

社会主义政治文明建设中的公民政治参与论析

公民政治参与是社会主义政治文明建设的主要内容,它在推进我国当前的政治现代化和政治民主化进程中具有重要的作用。公民政治参与有助于政治系统的良性运行,增强公民的主体意识,减少制定政策的失误和实施政策的阻力。然而,由于我国经济发展的不平衡、政治体制的不完善以及社会心理条件的缺乏,严重制约了我国的公民政治参与建设和发展。因此,必须加强经济和文化建设,加强政治体制改革,推进我国的公民政治参与建设。     

可持续旅游扶贫开发模式研究——社区参与乡村旅游

在对乡村旅游、旅游扶贫和社区参与旅游发展相关概念内涵及研究进展阐述的基础上,着重分析了贫困乡村社区参与旅游发展的必要性和主要障碍,提出社区参与乡村旅游的一些思路,即发挥政府的主导作用,通过政策调控保障社区参与的主体地位,通过科学合理的利益分配政策框架确立社区居民参与的激励机制,提高社区居民的相关旅游知识及进行相关能力培训,提高非政府组织在旅游发展中的作用等。     

The use of GIS in informal settlement upgrading: its role and impact on the community and on local government

The Urban Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Group within the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Cape Town has been coordinating a pilot informal settlement upgrading in Cape Town since 1998. The project objective has been the evolution of a model-based approach to informal settlement upgrading that is both structured and replicable. It was felt that the only way this could be achieved was through the use of a spatial data management system operated through a GIS system. The spatial database has been used for all facets of data collection and data process and forms the basis for all decision-making. Thus it covers all physical data pertaining to the site, cadastral and shack data, demographic and socio-economic data (with an in-depth review of every household) economic opportunities and physical planning and design data. The result is a comprehensive, integrated, settlement upgrading methodology that is built upon a GIS-based spatial data management framework. Such a framework is seen as the basic building block for large-scale informal settlement upgrading.     

Beyond recruitment: Predictors of differential participation in a national antihunger organization

Surprisingly little research has sought to explain differential participation after recruitment into social movement organizations (SMOs). This study examines the influence of several sets of predictors on participation by members of a national organization in the antihunger movement. The findings highlight the importance of incentive, ideological, and microstructural factors for differential participation and suggest that favorable perceptions of SMOs also promote participation. Final remarks address the implications of the findings for the social movement and voluntary organization literatures.     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.