Reducing Alcohol Abuse in Gay Men: Clinical Recommendations From Conflicting Research

ABSTRACT

Gay men entering the health care system present with unique needs essential for health care providers to comprehend and address. While data indicate mental health and substance abuse disorders are more prevalent among gay men compared with their heterosexual counterparts, the literature assessing abuse of alcohol by gay men is conflicting. This article explores the conflicting research examining the use and abuse of alcohol by gay men, common findings and themes among studies addressing the issue, the theoretical concepts of internalized homophobia and heterosexism as they relate to alcohol abuse, and clinical strategies providers can implement when encountering this issue among their gay male patients. This comprehensive assessment of the literature will also provide direction for future critical inquiries and outline ways to improve the current methods of inquiry.     

福州市某综合性医院城镇老年患者住院费用调查与分析

目的：探讨目前医疗保险制度对城镇老年患者住院费用的影响,为建立合理的费用支付机制提供依据。方法：对2008年1-4月住院的老年患者的医疗费用进行分析,观察其费用构成比例。结果：老年患者医疗费用负担较重,尤其是非医保患者,而高龄患者与其他老年患者相比医疗服务的可及性下降。结论：建立老年医疗援助制度,缓解老年人的就医费用负担。     

美罗培南治疗老年人医院获得性肺部感染的临床评价

目的评价美罗培南治疗老年人医院获得性肺部感染时的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析73例使用美罗培南治疗的老年严重肺部感染患者共96例次,记录临床症状、细菌清除情况、不良反应等。结果美罗培南治疗老年人医院内获得性肺部感染的有效率为76.04%（73/96）,细菌清除率为71.70%（76/106）,对耐亚胺培南的铜绿假单胞菌有一定疗效。不良反应发生率3.77%。在11例次慢性肾功能不全患者的应用中有很好的安全性。结论美罗培南治疗严重的老年人医院内获得性肺部感染疗效明显,安全性好。     

艾滋病患者权利保障面临的伦理冲突及其协调

目前艾滋病患者的权利保障面临的伦理冲突主要集中在四个方面:应有权利与社会排斥、病人权利与公共健康、伦理权利与伦理义务、资源稀缺与分配公正。化解这些伦理冲突,保障艾滋病患者的应有权利,必须坚持以人为本,维护社会伦理正义,践行社会主义人道主义和终极关怀原则,重建平等和谐的新型伦理关系。     

Use of standardized client simulations in an interprofessional teaching concept for social work and medical students: first results of a pilot study

ABSTRACT

Teaching concepts with standardized clients/patients (SC) had been successfully implemented in the education of health professionals. Benefits were also demonstrated for social work education. Based on former experiences with simulated clients in medical education, we developed an innovative teaching concept for social work and medical students. We focused on the training of consultations with clients suffering from a serious illness like cancer—with different learning goals for medical students (e.g. breaking bad news) and social work students (e.g. psychosocial exploration and counseling). Both groups should gain knowledge about the other professions tasks and learn to handle clients’ emotional reactions. In addition to role-plays with simulated clients in small groups, the concept includes an interprofessional lecture by physicians, psychologists, social workers, and lawyers as well as a visit on the palliative care ward (for social work students only) and a research colloquium. A formative evaluation shows high satisfaction with the teaching concept. The students underline the realistic setting, interprofessional contact, authentic talks and direct feedback. The SC method and its interprofessional application proved to be a practicable and motivating way to enhance conversational skills.     

老年2型糖尿病下肢血管病变的研究

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者下肢动静脉血管病变的特点及动静脉病变间是否存在相关性。方法用彩色多普勒超声对24例老年2型糖尿病患者及36例非2型糖尿病老年患者进行双下肢血管检查,同时测定了血压、血脂、CRP。结果老年2型糖尿病组在年龄、性别构成比、BMI、血压、血脂、动脉硬化程度及动脉内径等指标与对照组无明显差异的情况下,动脉收缩期流速峰值明显快于对照组,静脉流速峰值则较对照组慢。结论老年2型糖尿病患者在下肢动脉血管病变尚未引起内径明显改变时,可能存在其他因素引起的血管狭窄;并同时存在下肢静脉血流缓慢。     

中医心理干预对择期手术患者生理、心理应激反应的影响及分析

目的观察中医心理干预对择期手术患者生理、心理应激反应的影响效果。方法 60例择期手术患者采用区组随机化方法随机分配到对照组（G1）与干预组（G2）。G1组按常规护理操作要求进行护理;G2组则在常规护理操作基础上配合中医心理干预护理。所有受试者均于术前1天与麻醉给药前测量血压、心率,并依据焦虑自评量表（HAMA）进行评分。观察所有受试者的血压、心率及焦虑评分的变化情况以评估疗效。结果①护理干预前,两组组间基线特征均衡性良好（P〉0.05）。②护理干预后,组间比较舒张压、收缩压及心率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,G2组的护理干预效果要明显优于G1组。护理干预后,组内比较,G1组中受试者的舒张压、收缩压、心率,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而G2组内比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。③护理干预后,组内比较患者的焦虑评分,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;组间比较患者的焦虑评分,差异亦具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,G2组的护理干预效果要优于G1组。结论中医心理干预不仅能够缓解手术患者的烦躁、焦虑、恐惧心理,还可调控血压、稳定心率;这对手术的完成与患者的身心健康均有裨益。     

探讨长期有氧运动对老年2型糖尿病患者的降糖效果

目的针对老年糖尿病患者,年龄大、慢性并发症多、不适合大强度运动的特点,观察长期适度的、规律的有氧运动对老年糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法选择106例老年2型糖尿病患者,随机分为运动组和非运动组进行对比,观察运动前后体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白的变化,并与未进行有氧运动治疗的53例患者对照比较。结果 40周后运动组的体重指数、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白均明显降低,而非运动组各项指标均无明显差异。结论长期规律的、适度的有氧运动,能明显降低老年2型糖尿病患者的体重指数、空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、糖化血红蛋白。因此,对于老年2型糖尿病患者来说,长期规律的、适度的有氧运动与长期的药物治疗有等同的意义。     

A Framework for Exploring the Policy Implications of UK Medical Tourism and International Patient Flows

It is estimated that over 50,000 individuals from the UK each year elect to fund their own treatment abroad. Such treatments commonly include cosmetic and dental surgery; cardio, orthopaedic and bariatric surgery; IVF treatment; and organ and tissue transplantation. The UK has also experienced inward flows of patients who travel to receive treatment and pay out of pocket, being treated in both private and NHS facilities. The rise of ‘medical tourism’ presents new opportunities and challenges in terms of treatment options for consumers/patients and health policymakers. Such developments denote a commercialization, commodification and internationalization of health care in a way that UK policy has not experienced to date. This article addresses four key issues. We explain the rise of medical‐related travel (applied to the UK), identify key policy considerations for the future, highlight important research gaps and explore conceptual frameworks which might help us understand better the observed patterns of medical tourism. Whilst the context for policy and practice is undoubtedly dynamic, we argue the need for greater clarity in understanding the emergent implications for health policy and health care delivery.     

美皮康敷料治疗高龄患者压疮疗效分析

目的：回顾性对比分析美皮康敷料与传统压疮护理在治疗高龄（年龄≥80岁）患者压疮的疗效差异。方法对144例高龄压疮患者分为对照组和观察组,观察组采用美皮康敷料治疗,对照组采用传统方法治疗压疮。对比观察两组治愈率、换药次数、愈合时间。结果观察组治愈率、换药次数、愈合时间与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论美皮康敷料治疗高龄患者压疮的治愈率高,换药次数少且可缩短疮面愈合时间,操作简便,适合临床广泛应用。