Exclusion of HIV-positive people with disabilities in the media

This current issue piece aims to address the harmful exclusion of people with disabilities in the Iranian media. In a case study, this author collected news related to statistics of HIV-positive people covered by popular news websites written in the Persian language between June 2011 and June 2012. Within the analysed electronic texts, no reference was made to the number of HIV-positive people with disabilities. Under the rubric of critical discourse analysis, one can argue that this lack of representation may also be linked to a more general level of discourse that constitutes the marginalization of people with disabilities. This damaging exclusion both legitimizes and reproduces the ideology that people with disabilities are social minorities who can be excluded to the benefit of powerful people. This current issue piece also discusses the potential negative consequences of excluding HIV-positive people with disabilities from the discourse of HIV/AIDS in the media. Ultimately, the conceivable reasons for the Iranian government failure or refusal to publish the statistics of HIV-positive people with disabilities will be provided. Studies from various countries could shed more light on the exclusion of HIV-positive people with disabilities in the media and the interplay between HIV/AIDS and disability issues.     

太原解放前夕市民生活状态管窥——一本佚名日记的历史信息

一本阎锡山政府普通公务员的佚名手写日记为探寻太原解放的历史细节提供了最原初的记录。解放前夕,太原城外部环境越发恶化,内部社会秩序失范,阎锡山的政策在执行中被严重异化。太原市民贫富差距悬殊,普通市民生活无着、安全无保、精神无依。日记对市民生活的零散记载,除了具有补正史料的价值外,也对今人思考如何使政策真正惠及民生有借鉴意义。     

Financial Abuse of Older People by a Family Member: A Difficult Terrain for Service Providers in Australia

Financial abuse by a family member is the most common form of abuse experienced by older Australians, and early intervention is required. National online surveys of 228 chief executive officers and 214 aged care service providers found that, while they were well placed to recognize financial abuse, it was often difficult to intervene successfully. Problems providers encountered included difficulties in detecting abuse, the need for consent before they could take action, the risk that the abusive family member would withdraw the client from the service, and a lack of resources to deal with the complexities inherent in situations of financial abuse.     

Stratified structural and epistemic aspects of the care manager's discretion—a theoretical approach to social work related to older people's potential relocation to a residential home

By applying a theoretical point of departure, the overarching aim of this article is to describe, analyze, and try to understand why care managers in their everyday occupational practice normalize the restrictive approach when older people consider relocation to a residential home. While earlier research to a large extent has drawn attention to how the care managers carry out the restrictive approach, this article pays attention to the circumstances paving its way. The focus is on influences from different sociological levels, thereby ‘stratified’, and from two aspects of discretion, where ‘structural aspects’ refer to choices between permitted alternatives and ‘epistemic aspects’ to practical reasoning under conditions of indeterminacy. With this combination, a multitude of circumstances contributing to the restrictive approach is revealed. Thus, the theoretical model includes levels as well as discretionary powers where formulas constitute the foundation at each level, subsequently related to multidisciplinary references in order to get the practice into perspective. The findings show that the priority given to home-based care in contrast to residential care is repeated and confirmed at each level and besides in an interchange between structural and epistemic aspects.     

Protecting Children and Young People from Tobacco‐Related Harm: A Review

Tobacco use continues to be a serious public health issue. Although declining in middle‐ to high‐income countries, smoking rates are often higher in disadvantaged communities and vulnerable groups. Knowledge about tobacco‐related harm also tends to be incomplete. To date, legislation has focused on public domains, but the pressure to protect children in the home and other private spaces is fast becoming a focal point for potential legislation and intervention. Negotiating the boundary between privacy and protection is likely to become a matter of professional concern.     

新疆高校维吾尔族预科生汉语学习指称关系偏误分析

文章以新疆五所主要高校维吾尔族预科生的作文习作等为依据，归纳了维吾尔族预科生在构建汉语篇章过程中出现的误用、冗余、先行词空缺、混用等有关人称指称关系、指示指称关系方面的偏误类型，指出偏误存在的原因主要由缺乏汉语篇章知识、受母语影响、篇章规则类推等原因导致，提出了在预科汉语教学中树立篇章教学理念、强化维汉语指称对比研究、加幔教材建设、重视教师篇章语言知识的积累等对策。     

“民心”决定论的困境——以秦亡汉兴为例

在中国历史上,朝代更迭与皇位易主通常需要诉诸于暴力战争,而战争胜负却并非由民心向背所决定。长期以来,平民百姓属于被统治阶层,与皇室、官僚相比明显弱势,缺乏有效的手段抵御外来侵害,也根本无力左右政局。“民心”决定论并不能准确解释中国历史上的政局变动。儒家对民心作用的鼓吹,只是价值追求,难以得到事实证据的有力支持。在秦汉交替的历史进程中,各路诸侯相互征战,并不顾及民众的感受,他们所采取的一系列政策,都是着眼于暴力战争的胜利,并以此决定最终的成败;这也是中国古代政权更迭的一般逻辑。     

生产与生活 神话与历史——评夏明宇新著《现代民间文学研究视域下的渝西神话》

在文化人类学的视野中,神话是地方或族群文化的一部分,是与他们的生产生活紧密联系在一起的。“将历史与神话分开研究无异于人为地割裂”。在渝西神话中,作者强调“现代民间文学”也是尽可能对“传统民间文学”的一种突破。尤其是“神话是先民的科学和哲学”,这一命题的提出,显示出《渝西神话》已跨出文学的范畴,把神话研究推向了一个更为广阔和宏大的领域。     

Campus politics,student societies and social media

The university campus has often been seen as an important site for the politicization of young people. Recent explanations for this have focused attention upon the role of the student union as a means to enable a ‘critical mass’ of previously isolated individuals to produce social networks of common interest. What is missing from these accounts, however, and what this article seeks to address, is how these factors actually facilitate the development of political norms and the active engagement of many students. Drawing upon qualitative data from three countries we argue that it is the milieu of the smaller student societies that are crucial for facilitating the habitus of the student citizen. They provide the space for creative development and performance of the political self, affiliations to particular fields and access to cultural and social capital. Moreover, we contend that these processes of politicization are increasingly enacted through social media networks that foreground their importance for developing political habitus in the future.     

Cash payments in context: (self-)regulation in the new social relations of assistance

Cash payments to meet social care needs offer the possibility for the direct employment of personal assistants using public funds. Empirical work internationally has identified the benefits of cash payments. However, there has been less interest in the relationships between employers and their employees. This article offers some reflections upon the employment relationship from the perspectives of employers who have learning difficulties and their personal assistants. The study involved eight employers, their supporters and their personal assistants in an English city. A grounded theory approach was utilised and interviews were analysed using a framework approach. This article argues that the relational aspects of direct employment arrangements have not been adequately considered in academic literature and the policy framework. These insights can add to debates around how social care support mechanisms can offer responsive assistance whilst questioning the assumed ‘empowering’ effect of an unregulated market.