理性的“理论活动” 高于“实践活动”———论亚里士多德伦理学的“幸福观”

作为最高之善,幸福就是灵魂合乎德性（美德） 的生活。这是亚里士多德幸福观的一个基本观点,但并不是其幸福观的独特之处。其灵魂学说,特别是其中关于“理性” 划分为“理性本身”与“在欲求力里的理性”或“被欲求力分有的理性”,不仅构成了亚里士多德幸福理论的基础,而且也构成了其幸福学说的特别之处。通过这个区分,亚里士多德找到了成就“伦理德性” 的基础,同时也确定了理性本身的活动也即“纯粹理论活动”之所以高于理性的“实践活动” 的理由。因而,虽然合乎伦理德性的生活是幸福的,但却只是“次级的幸福”,只有合乎理智德性的生活才是真正最高的幸福。这种生活一方面是合乎神性的生活,另一方面又是成就每个人真正自己的生活。这意味着,在亚里士多德那里,幸福并非只关乎人性,亦关乎神性。     

ESP与大学英语教学

介绍了ESP（专门用途英语）教学的起源、特点、分类以及在国内的发展,论述了EGP（通用英语）和ESP的关系,分析了现行《大学英语课程教学要求》的不足,指出了大学英语教学存在的两大问题和所面临的困境：英语教学目标过低,英语教学尚未结合学生的专业;教学课时减少,课程被边缘化。最后指出,要摆脱困境,帮助实现培养“国际化、创新型、懂外语的专业人才”这一高等教育总目标,大学英语的教学目的应当从“打基础”转向“为专业服务”,教学内容从“通用英语”转向“专门用途英语”。     

特殊经济区升格、外商直接投资与比较优势

省级开发区升格为国家级开发区是近年来中国特殊经济区政策的重要趋势之一.通过创造更有利的营商环境和优惠政策,升格后的开发区能够吸引更多的投资尤其是外商直接投资,进而提升地区的比较优势.基于中国工业企业数据,使用双重差分的方法考察了开发区升格对企业出口的影响.研究结果显示,开发区升格能够显著促进区内企业的出口总量和出口倾向.进一步的研究表明,这种促进作用主要是通过吸引外资企业从而克服外部融资约束实现的.     

供应链视角的连锁加盟商企业社会责任实现机制研究 ——餐饮服务业多案例比较分析

随着供给侧结构性改革的推进,连锁体系作为一种特殊的供应链结构类型受到越来越多的重视,提高商业的连锁化率并加强连锁体系管理成为推动中小企业有效履行社会责任和增加有效供给的重要途径.在构建了供应链中小企业社会责任实现机制分析框架的基础上,围绕准入管理、利益分配、沟通与信任、绩效考评与监督、知识转移等方面,对连锁体系管理机制的特殊性及其与连锁加盟商社会责任实现机制的关系进行了研究.进而,通过餐饮服务业连锁体系多案例比较分析,进一步剖析了连锁体系管理机制形成及加盟商社会责任实现的影响因素.案例研究表明,连锁总部的社会责任意识、社会责任管理能力和连锁体系成熟度影响着连锁体系社会责任的整体绩效实现和加盟商的社会责任实现;连锁总部应从特许加盟协议、培训、督导、标准化、人员外派等方面完善其管理机制.     

社会责任导向的企业QHSE管理信息系统构建

信息与沟通是企业内部控制的中枢构成要素,是其他要素相互联系和发挥协同作用的基础,建立健全企业管理信息系统对于加强信息与沟通、推动企业内部控制建设具有重要意义.企业管理信息系统建设应具有战略管理的高度、社会责任的温度和信息技术的速度.为推进业务流程的信息化,提升企业的社会责任风险管理水平,促进企业的健康可持续发展,以社会责任为导向,以QHSE 管理体系为核心,以信息化技术为手段,构建社会责任导向的企业QHSE 管理信息系统.该系统由用户层、逻辑层、数据层组成,其中逻辑层采用模块化设计,并遵循PDCA原则.     

Personal development plans supporting employee learning and perceived performance: the moderating role of self-directedness

Due to developments in the current dynamic business environment which is more global and competitive than ever, employees’ lifelong learning and the way organizations support their continuous development are pivotal. Many organizations introduce personal development plans (PDPs) to support employees’ learning, however, not always taking into account their personal characteristics. This study had a twofold purpose as it was designed to explore on the one hand the relationship between PDPs in the workplace with employee’s undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance, and on the other hand the possible moderating role of employee self-directedness on this relationship. For this study, data collected by means of a questionnaire at two different organizations were used, one organization foregoing profit and one non-profit activity. The results indicated significant positive relations between the individual supporting factor ‘employee learning and reflection’ and the undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance and between employee self-directedness and the undertaking of learning activities and perceived performance. The same accounted for the moderating effect of employee self-directedness on the interaction between learning and reflection and perceived performance. Some findings were surprising, nevertheless resulted in valuable insights and implications for practice.     

长江经济带旅游业碳排放强度的时空演变及其影响因素

文章通过利用长江经济带11个省市2010—2019年旅游业面板数据测算其旅游业碳排放强度,借助SDM模型,探究旅游业碳排放强度的时空演变及影响因素。结果表明:旅游业碳排放强度整体明显降低,其中以云南省、四川省和贵州省的碳排放强度下降幅度最大;碳排放强度在研究时期向着较高碳排放强度区域集中在中游地区的趋势发展,呈现碳排放强度“中间高,两侧低”的空间格局;产业结构与贸易依赖水平的间接效应和总效应分别表现出显著的抑制、促进效应,表明产业结构优化显著促进本地及相邻地区的旅游业碳排放强度下降,而贸易依赖水平提升效果相反。最后,文章对所得结论提出建议,旨在为旅游业实现低碳科学发展提供决策参考。     

微乳液聚合制备聚丙烯酰胺及聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺超细微粒

研究了琥珀酸双（２－乙基己酯）磺酸钠（ＡＯＴ）、甲苯（Ｔ）、乙酰胺（ＥＭ）、丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）、Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＡＭ）、Ｎ,Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（ＢＩＳ）、水组成的六种微乳液体系,以电导法和目视法测定了其相区临界点电导率,并绘制了各自的拟三元相图;以偶氮二异丁腈（ＡＩＢＮ）为引发剂,在微乳液中制备了聚丙烯酰胺及聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺超细微粒．用ＩＲ谱对其进行了验证,以扫描电镜观察了其外部结构特征,测得微粒平均粒径为０．０５～０．１０μｍ．实验表明,可在微乳液中制备ＰＡＭ及ＰＮＩＰＡＭ超细微粒．     

From Adversaries to Allies: Relief Workers' Attitudes Toward the US Military

Although soldiers and relief workers traditionally have engaged in conflicting missions—killing versus saving lives—recent peacekeeping operations have required the two groups to work together on humanitarian efforts. Interviews with aid workers in Bosnia and in Haiti reveal that this traditionally antimilitary population has come to support military interventions in their regions. They have developed a cooperative relationship with the military despite lingering doubts and persistent cultural differences. This recent shift in attitudes demonstrates that the concept of task cohesion, developed from studies of small-group dynamics, can be applied at the organizational level. Organizations that share a common goal and that depend on one another to reach that goal can develop a cooperative relationship and yet retain distinct organizational memberships and cultures.     

Performance evaluation based on multiple attributes with nonparametric frontiers

Performance rating and comparison of a group of entities is frequently based on the values of several attributes. Such evaluations are often complicated by the absence of a natural or obvious way to weight the importance of the individual dimensions of the performance. This paper proposes a framework based on nonparametric frontiers to rate and classify entities described by multiple performance attributes into ‘performers’ and ‘underperformers’. The method is equivalent to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with entities defined only by outputs. In the spirit of DEA, the weights for each attribute are selected to maximize each entity’s performance score. This approach, however, results in a new linear program that is more direct and intuitive than traditional DEA formulations. The model can be easily understood and interpreted by practitioners since it conforms better to the practice of evaluating and comparing performance using standard specifications. We illustrate the model’s use with two examples. The first evaluates the performance of employees. The second is an application in manufacturing where multiple quality attributes are used to assess and compare performance of different manufacturing processes.