Bayesian misclassification and propensity score methods for clustered observational studies

Bayesian propensity score regression analysis with misclassified binary responses is proposed to analyse clustered observational data. This approach utilizes multilevel models and corrects for misclassification in the responses. Using the deviance information criterion (DIC), the performance of the approach is compared with approaches without correcting for misclassification, multilevel structure specification, or both in the study of the impact of female employment on the likelihood of physical violence. The smallest DIC confirms that our proposed model best fits the data. We conclude that female employment has an insignificant impact on the likelihood of physical spousal violence towards women. In addition, a simulation study confirms that the proposed approach performed best in terms of bias and coverage rate. Ignoring misclassification in response or multilevel structure of data would yield biased estimation of the exposure effect.     

A general class of non parametric tests for comparing scale parameters

In this paper, a general class of non parametric tests is proposed for the two-sample scale problem. Testing of the scale parameter is very useful in real-life situations commonly faced in engineering, trade, cultivation, industries, medicine, etc. In all these fields, one will prefer the method that gives more consistent results. Thus, it is worthwhile to test the equality of scale parameters. The distribution of the proposed test is established. To assess the performance of the proposed test, the asymptotic efficacies are studied for some underlying distributions and the results are interpreted with useful information. To see the working of the proposed test, an illustrative example for the real-life data set is provided. The simulation study is also carried out to find the asymptotic power of the proposed test. An extension of the general class of tests to the multiple-sample problem is also discussed.     

Importance of sampling weights in multilevel modeling of international large-scale assessment data

Multilevel modeling is an important tool for analyzing large-scale assessment data. However, the standard multilevel modeling will typically give biased results for such complex survey data. This bias can be eliminated by introducing design weights which must be used carefully as they can affect the results. The aim of this paper is to examine different approaches and to give recommendations concerning handling design weights in multilevel models when analyzing large-scale assessments such as TIMSS (The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). To achieve the goal of the paper, we examined real data from two countries and included a simulation study. The analyses in the empirical study showed that using no weights or only level 1 weights sometimes could lead to misleading conclusions. The simulation study only showed small differences in estimation of the weighted and unweighted models when informative design weights were used. The use of unscaled or not rescaled weights however caused significant differences in some parameter estimates.     

新闻专业《编辑技法》课程考试方式改革分析

笔者在<编辑技法>课程的教学中,尝试着由试卷设计入手,进行以"工学结合"为目标的教改.整个教学过程教师从前台转入后台,变为课程的组织者,而学生则被推上讲台,并使之将大量的课余时间投入课程学习.     

《红楼梦》回目中语形修辞格及其翻译研究

任何一种语言都有其独特的文字和语音,又受到文化、心理等因素影响,因此,语言形式美的翻译具有相对性。中国古典章回小说《红楼梦》的回目语言,八字对仗,整齐划一,句式凝练而又富于变化。翻译时,只有通过补偿、转换、迁移、变通等翻译策略,才能实现对源语句型结构、对偶、重复、比喻等语形修辞美的传递,在译语中最大限度地再现源语的语言形式美。     

由《全三国文》中《诗经》征引看诗经学的文学转向

通过考察《全三国文》中各类文章征引《诗经》的情况,指出诗经学文学转向的四方面表现：一,较之汉代诗经学注重教化大义的解释,三国文章中的《诗经》征引成为增强文章感染力的文学手法与技巧;二,《诗经》中被称颂的历史人物在三国文中成为审美符号,部分被寄托大义的词语成为充满感情色彩的成语、惯用语;三,三国文作者引用经学家的解释时融入了个人的情感和体悟;四,三国文作者摆脱以《诗经》为“经”的传统,将自己对诗的理解运用到文章中,并将部分诗句作为典故来使用。由此可见三国诗经学出现了文学转向的新趋势,融入了魏晋文学自觉的潮流。     

家庭背景、学业表现与研究生教育机会获得

随着高校毕业生数量的逐年攀升和经济发展对高端人才需求的增长,越来越多的本科毕业生选择继续接受研究生教育以提高自己在劳动力市场中的竞争优势。本文对首都大学生成长追踪调查数据进行了实证分析,研究发现,2010年和2012年毕业于北京高校的本科生中,约有三分之一的学生选择了继续接受研究生教育,而且读研学生的家庭背景和学业表现都要显著地优于毕业后直接就业的学生。进一步的分析表明,在国内研究生教育机会获得中,家庭背景变量基本上是通过影响本科就读高校的类型和学业表现来发挥作用的,而比较海外留学与国内读研这两种选择,本科就读学校类型和学业表现对此并没有显著的影响,主要是家庭社会经济地位在起作用。上述研究发现对于当前中国的研究生教育招生和培养工作具有重要的政策意涵。     

实物·实事·通考——由王国维商周礼制研究看民国学者对传统考据的科学化推进

王国维的商周礼制文化研究,包含基于实物材料的器物文字考据,基于实事的礼仪制度考据,基于制度变革的文化通考,在考据中加入现代科学元素,有力推动了礼学考据的科学化,实际破除了三代王统道统的经学观念,促使礼学考据向实证礼学、传统经史之学向现代史学转型。     

“Do They Think I Am a Pack Rat?”

This case study presents details of the life of one older man who lived in seclusion and squalor, surrounded by hoarded possessions. This man was one participant of a focused ethnography of eight older adults who received home care. All participants in the original ethnography were identified by their community care coordinators as exhibiting hoarding behaviors. The case study presented here provides rich narrative and photographic detail in order to add strength to what has already been presented in previous research articles about compulsive acquisition. The narratives reveal examples of debilitating dysfunction, distress associated with decision making, broad acquisition of free things, compulsive buying, and ritualistic discarding. Quotes included in the case study stem from the original ethnography.