城市住宅能源消耗的国内外研究评述

面对持续增长的能源压力,节能减排正在由工业领域扩展到社会生活的多个方面。城市居住区的能源消耗呈现突出的增长趋势,同时也是最具节能动力与潜力的环节,如何减少居民住宅能耗强度应当引起学术关注。家庭用能行为的复杂性、影响因素作用的不确定性以及数据获取的难度对清晰的研究思路与综合的研究方法提出了较高要求。本文试图梳理居民住宅用能领域的国内外进展,界定概念并细分研究领域,详述不同思维路径下的研究成果与研究方法,并提出未来可行的研究空间。     

Enabling sustainable energy futures: factors influencing green supply chain collaboration

Abstract

To explore the relationship between sustainability strategies and future energy needs, supply chains need to reduce their CO2 emissions through developing their green credentials and improving performance. Knowledge management (KM) is an enabler to support collaboration efforts. The SCM and KM areas have largely focused on improving organisational performance. While the latter has yielded successful outcomes in different sectors, there is still a scarcity of research on identifying influential factors highlighting those aspects which may enable green supply chain collaboration (GrSCC), thus leading to sustainable energy futures and carbon-efficient production. This paper examines the role of KM in facilitating GrSCC. Through the identification of key factors extrapolated from the literature, a model for implementing GrSCC using a futures-based perspective is proposed. This paper inductively demonstrates the relationship between identified GrSCC factors through fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. Findings support a futures-based perspective that enhances understanding and refines forward-looking strategies for GrSCC.     

Weighing the Risks of Nuclear Energy and Climate Change: Trust in Different Information Sources,Perceived Risks,and Willingness to Pay for Alternatives to Nuclear Power

We examined how individuals perceive nuclear energy in the context of climate change mitigation and how their perceptions are associated with trust in different risk information sources. We analyzed the interrelationships between trust, perceived risk of nuclear power, climate change concern, perception of nuclear energy as an acceptable way to mitigate climate change, and willingness to pay (WTP) for alternatives to nuclear power. A nationwide survey (N = 967) collected in Finland was analyzed with structural equation modeling. The associations between trust and perceived risk of nuclear power, climate change concern, and perception of nuclear power as a way to mitigate climate change varied by the type of information source. Political party support and other background variables were associated with trust in different information sources. The effect of trust in information sources on WTP was mediated by perceived risks and benefits. The results will increase our understanding of how individuals perceive nuclear energy as a way to cut CO₂ emissions and the role of trust in different information sources in shaping nuclear risk perceptions and energy choices.     

Crafting the expert-advocate: training and recruitment efforts in the carbon dioxide capture and storage community

This article presents a case study of recruitment efforts around carbon capture and storage (CCS) to explore how expert communities internalize the societal dimensions of envisioned pathways for energy transitions. Members of the CCS community see the technology’s realization as being dependent on traversing a range of “barriers”, such as public fears and resistance that exacerbate struggles for policy support. Community-supported training venues prime recruits for practical interventions that target these barriers. Events also uphold necessary interpretive flexibilities that support heterogeneous advocacy coalition with at times diverging interests in energy transitions. The concept of expert-advocates, experts primed for interventions across technical-social systems, is proposed as a new analytic aid for future studies of socially reflexive expert communities.     

德国能源证书认证体系及其对我国低碳监管的启示--基于德国2009节能条例（EnEV2009）之规定

德国能源证书认证体系是针对建筑物的能耗和碳排放开展的低碳标准监管，对于我国的低碳监管具有现实的借鉴意义。在能源证书监管体系中多种监管方式相互配合形成了一个高效的监管体系；将社会力量引入能源证书监管体系，充分发挥能源证书监管体系各方当事人的主观能动性，极大地提高了监管效率；监管方式有利于监管机构主要致力于核心监管事项，监管机构将现有建筑物能源证书的签发权授予了建筑能源领域的专业人员，同时也将与之相适应的责任转移给了这些专业人员。     

2013-2014年中国能源流分析

依据中国能源平衡表（2014年和2015年）绘制并分析了中国能源流图，按能源类别概述了能源生产、供给和消费及其在部门间的转换和流动状况，重点列出煤炭调入调出量在1千万吨以上的省份；分析了全国各省煤炭、电力的区域调动情况；阐明中国在世界能源发展中的地位及各能源品种在中国的发展状况。通过能源流图看出，2014年能源供应增长1.52%，消费增速跌至1998年以来的最低水平；2013年和2014年中国石油对外依存度均在60%以上；天然气利用在中国起步较晚，未来还有较大增长潜力；中国煤电占总发电量的75%，气电与主要发达国家的24%相差甚远；此外，全国各省中6省煤炭、电力净调出与5省煤炭、电力净调入形成鲜明对比。     

Expanding the Reach of Participatory Risk Management: Testing an Online Decision‐Aiding Framework for Informing Internally Consistent Choices

This article presents research aimed at developing and testing an online, multistakeholder decision‐aiding framework for informing multiattribute risk management choices associated with energy development and climate change. The framework was designed to provide necessary background information and facilitate internally consistent choices, or choices that are in line with users’ prioritized objectives. In order to test different components of the decision‐aiding framework, a six‐part, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted, yielding eight treatment scenarios. The three factors included: (1) whether or not users could construct their own alternatives; (2) the level of detail regarding the composition of alternatives users would evaluate; and (3) the way in which a final choice between users’ own constructed (or highest‐ranked) portfolio and an internally consistent portfolio was presented. Participants’ self‐reports revealed the framework was easy to use and providing an opportunity to develop one's own risk‐management alternatives (Factor 1) led to the highest knowledge gains. Empirical measures showed the internal consistency of users’ decisions across all treatments to be lower than expected and confirmed that providing information about alternatives’ composition (Factor 2) resulted in the least internally consistent choices. At the same time, those users who did not develop their own alternatives and were not shown detailed information about the composition of alternatives believed their choices to be the most internally consistent. These results raise concerns about how the amount of information provided and the ability to construct alternatives may inversely affect users’ real and perceived internal consistency.     

天然气应用与节能减排

文章着重介绍了天然气应用对我国节能减排的重要目标实现的影响作用,并进一步分析了当前天然气发电行业的现状和应用前景,并根据相应的统计数据和资料,给出了作者的分析结论。     

论格林布拉特的批评实践

新历史主义代表人物格林布拉特的批评实践中,体现了对福柯"权力关系"理论的运用,对阐释人类学"厚描"方法的借鉴,以及对"社会能量"流通方式的关注."社会能量"概念的提出,是力求避免新历史主义的批评实践陷入"权力的宏大叙事".格林布拉特善于从各种非文学文本记录入手,寻找其与文学文本相互"厚描"的结合点,从而生发出关于剧本所处权力关系的独到见解.他依据福柯的理论提出的"即兴创造"概念,勾勒出权力关系从颠覆到巩固的过程.     

试探双音并列式合成词的构序理据

通常认为,汉语双音并列式合成词的构序,是约定俗成、历史沉淀的结果,并无理据可谈。本文根据著名语言学家德.索绪尔提出的"既考虑到生理观点(发音问题),又考虑到心理观点(注意力问题)"的理论,提出了影响汉语双音并列式合成词构序的四个主要理据:调序,开口度,主观意愿,构词能力。