菊科三属几种植物过氧化物酶同工酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对菊科三属的几种植物的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了试验研究,初步观察和分析了在菊科植物的叶和花瓣中过氧化物酶同工酶的具体表现.通过对不同品种之间酶谱的分析,以酶谱特征为依据确定了这些品种之间的亲缘关系.文章对于菊科植物的分类、品种鉴定、遗传育种等方面具有参考价值.     

茶细胞悬浮培养生产茶氨酸的工艺条件研究

在茶树细胞固体培养研究的基础上,系统分析了摇床转速、接种量、装液量和培养基主要成分对茶树悬浮培养细胞生长及茶氨酸产生的影响。根据试验结果,设计了茶悬浮细胞生产茶氨酸的最佳工艺条件,使茶氨酸含量达到233．25mg／ydry。     

几种氨基酸和植物提取物对鲤、鲫鱼诱食活性的初步研究

本试检采取迷宫法,做了氨基酸单体、氨基酸不同组合,以及一种复合氨基酸与几种植物提取物的混合物对鲤、脚鱼的诱食活性试验。结果表明：1．低浓度的DL一甲硫氨酸对鲤鱼有显著的引诱作用（P＜0．05）,而高浓度的甘氨酸对鲫鱼则有显著的抑制作用（P＜0．05）。2．L一缅氨酸＋L－组氨酸＋L－精氨酸（组合1）对鲤鱼的引诱作用极为显著（P＜0．01）。L－本丙氨酸＋L－组氨酸＋L－精氨酸（组合2）对卿鱼有极强的引诱作用（P＜0．01）在组合2中加入10ml丁香油对哪色仍然有极强的引诱作用（p＜0．01）;当加入10ml15％的香果提取液对鲫鱼引诱效果不显著,但对鲤鱼却有极强的引诱作用（p＜0．05）;当加入大蒜、香精、丁香等植物提取物则对鲤鲫鱼都有显著的抑制作用（P＜0．05）。     

校园绿化中植物配置实践的探索

本文结合九江学院绿化的实例,探讨了生态校园的植物配置原则、植物选择、配置手法及配置中应关注的问题,阐明了完美的植物景观设计必须具备科学性和艺术性高度统一,从而创造出美的环境。     

Interactions between birds, fruit bats and exotic plants in urban Hong Kong, South China

I observed the use of exotic plant species by native birds and bats in 8 km² of urban Hong Kong. Twenty-nine plant taxa were used repeatedly. Five species accounted for most interactions with birds: Cinnamomum camphora (10 bird species), Ficus religiosa (6), Livistona chinensis (7) and Pyracantha crenulata (6) provided fruits, while Bombax ceiba (6) supplied nectar. Panicum maximum (2) and C. camphora (1) provided seeds for granivorous birds and Leucaena leucocephala is host to a psyllid consumed by small insectivores in winter. Most trophic interactions between exotics and fruit bats involved the fruits or flowers of Syzygium jambos, while Livistona chinensis provided roosting sites for Cynopterus sphinx. The fruiting phenologies of the exotic species differed from the local flora, with fruit of some species available for the majority of the year. Fruit characteristics for the most commonly eaten species are within the range for native fruit species, although most are larger and have a lower seed load than the medians for native species. Seed dispersal by birds and/or fruit bats is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the naturalization of fleshy-fruited plants in Hong Kong, but S. jambos is the only naturalizing exotic species that needs vertebrates for pollination.     

Green roofs are not created equal: the hydrologic and thermal performance of six different extensive green roofs and reflective and non-reflective roofs in a sub-tropical climate

Green roofs have the potential to retain stormwater on the roof surface and lower the thermal loading on buildings. Because of this, the greatest environmental benefits from green roofs might be achieved in subtropical climates characterized by high temperatures and intense rain events. There is, however, little research to support this. In a replicated study in Texas, we compared the performance of six different extensive green roof designs vegetated with native species, to non-reflective (black) roofs, and reflective (white) roofs. Preliminary hydrologic and thermal profile data indicated not only differences between green and non-vegetated roofs, but also among green roof designs. Maximum green roof temperatures were cooler than conventional roofs by 38°C at the roof membrane and 18°C inside air temperature, with little variation among green roofs. Maximum run-off retention was 88% and 44% for medium and large rain events but some green roof types showed very limited retention characteristics. These data demonstrate indicate that: 1. Green roofs can greatly affect the roof temperature profile—cooling surface layers and internal space on warm days. 2. Green roofs can retain significant amounts of rainfall, this is dependent on the size of the rain event and design and can fail if not designed correctly. We suggest that as green roofs vary so much in their design and performance, they must be designed according to specific goals rather than relying on assumed intrinsic attributes.     

从"草草花卉"看《四声猿》的悲剧精神

徐渭《四声猿》杂剧与写意花卉具有相同的创作机制 ,可以互相诠释 ,主要表现命运的抗争、人性的思考以及天才的倔强和自谑。它通过反向错位 ,使作品产生强大的张力     

Woody vegetation and canopy fragmentation along a forest-to-urban gradient

To identify patterns that can be used to predict vegetation and landscape characteristics in urban environments, we surveyed the species composition and size of woody plants, as well as the landscape structure of forest canopies, along a forest-to-urban gradient near Oxford, Ohio, USA. The gradient included six sites of increasingly urban land-use: a preserve, a recreational area, a golf course, a residential subdivision, apartment complexes, and a business district. We recorded species identity and stem diameter for all woody plants greater than 3 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) to examine the distribution of individual species as well as overall community composition. We used digitized aerial photographs to compare the spatial characteristics of the forest canopy at each site. We found predictable patterns in species diversity (Shannon index), spatial heterogeneity in species composition (mean percent dissimilarity), and all measures of patch fragmentation (canopy cover and patch number and size). There were clear differences in tree density and total basal area between forested sites and developed sites, but there was little resolution among developed sites. Species richness and average DBH showed no clear pattern, suggesting that landscaping preference largely determined these values. We present a modified version of an intermediate heterogeneity model that can be used to predict diversity patterns in urban areas. We discuss probable mechanisms that led to these patterns and the potential implications for animal communities in urban environments.     

Movement patterns of threeAthalia sawflies in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats

Summary I compared the differences in the movement intensity of three species of sympatricAthalia sawflies,A. japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata feeding on cruciferous plants. Mark-release-recapture census was conducted to estimate movement distance, sex ratio and age composition of adult sawflies. In addition, the sex ratio of newlyemerged adults was examined by rearing field-collected larvae until adult emergence. Age composition and longevity of adults were estimated experimentally. The movement intensity was evaluated mostly with the indirect information thus obtained. Females moved more actively than males in all three sawflies.A. japonica females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn, but in summer they disappeared. Also,A. rosae females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn. In summer, in contrast withA. japonica, A. rosae females moved most actively among the three species in all seasons.A. infumata females, in particular the young females, moved most actively among the three species, exceptA rosae in summer. The movement patterns of the three sawflies were deduced in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats. In spring and autumn, when host plants were abundant,A. japonica andA. rosae females were dispersed among the host patches within the census are. In summer, however, when host plants were scarce,A. japonica entered diapause, whereasA. rosae migrated to neighboring areas. On the other hand,A. infumata, in particular young famale, innately dispersed to seek for temporary host plants throughout the census seasons.     

彝族与高山杜鹃:论园艺文化以外的花文化

英国人类学者古迪认为只有基于园艺文化的花文化才称得上是花文化。笔者认为,如果根据古迪的观点来看少数民族文化的话,好像很难找到什么花文化。其实很多民族都是有另外一种花文化的。以凉山彝族为例,他们很重视高山杜鹃,认为高山杜鹃与彝族有生命的联结。通过对园艺文化以外的花文化的了解,我们可以获得新的视野（民族文化的新的一面）。而这也可以成为我们更深入了解彝族文化的一条新线索。