Nonlinear voxel-based modelling of the haemodynamic response in fMRI

A common assumption for data analysis in functional magnetic resonance imaging is that the response signal can be modelled as the convolution of a haemodynamic response (HDR) kernel with a stimulus reference function. Early approaches modelled spatially constant HDR kernels, but more recently spatially varying models have been proposed. However, convolution limits the flexibility of these models and their ability to capture spatial variation. Here, a range of (nonlinear) parametric curves are fitted by least squares minimisation directly to individual voxel HDRs (i.e., without using convolution). A ‘constrained gamma curve’ is proposed as an efficient form for fitting the HDR at each individual voxel. This curve allows for spatial variation in the delay of the HDR, but places a global constraint on the temporal spread. The approach of directly fitting individual parameters of HDR shape is demonstrated to lead to an improved fit of response estimates.     

Projection error term in Gower's interpolation

New points can be superimposed on a Euclidean configuration obtained as a result of a metric multidimensional scaling at coordinates given by Gower's interpolation formula. The procedure amounts to discarding a, possibly nonnull, coordinate along an additional dimension. We derive an analytical formula for this projection error term and, for real data problems, we describe a statistical method for testing its significance, as a cautionary device prior to further distance-based predictions.     

Smoothing parameter selection methods for nonparametric regression with spatially correlated errors

When spatial data are correlated, currently available data‐driven smoothing parameter selection methods for nonparametric regression will often fail to provide useful results. The authors propose a method that adjusts the generalized cross‐validation criterion for the effect of spatial correlation in the case of bivariate local polynomial regression. Their approach uses a pilot fit to the data and the estimation of a parametric covariance model. The method is easy to implement and leads to improved smoothing parameter selection, even when the covariance model is misspecified. The methodology is illustrated using water chemistry data collected in a survey of lakes in the Northeastern United States.     

大整数分解的多个多项式二次筛法及其微机实现

通过讨论Silverman提出的多个多项式二次筛法（MPOS），提出了MPQS的计算步骤，并在486微机上实现了MPQS．     

Local likelihood with time-varying additive hazards model

The authors propose the local likelihood method for the time-varying coefficient additive hazards model. They use the Newton-Raphson algorithm to maximize the likelihood into which a local polynomial expansion has been incorporated. They establish the asymptotic properties for the time-varying coefficient estimators and derive explicit expressions for the variance and bias. The authors present simulation results describing the performance of their approach for finite sample sizes. Their numerical comparisons show the stability and efficiency of the local maximum likelihood estimator. They finally illustrate their proposal with data from a laryngeal cancer clinical study.     

基于小波域分形编码的图像插值

传统的图像插值方案(包括最近邻插值、双线性插值和B样条插值等),大多是基于图像分块的光滑连续模型。由于该模型不能很好地描述自然图像的特点,因此插值得到的图像质量不高。为寻求更有效的插值方案,首次提出了基于小波域分形编码的插值算法。该算法在FW编码的基础上,首先利用图像的局部自相似模型,通过小波树的膨胀,并借助小波域的第1级子带,对超分辨率级的第0级子带进行最优预测,再经过小波反变换来得到插值图像。标准测试图像的实验表明,该插值算法与传统的双线性插值相比,不仅可以获得清晰的纹理和边缘,而且峰值信噪比也更高,因此插值得到的图像更加精确、真实。     

A Note on Trend Decomposition: The 'Classical' Approach Revisited with an Application to Surface Temperature Trends

This note reconsiders the 'classical' approach to trend estimation and presents a modern treatment of this technique that enables trend filters which incorporate end-effects to be constructed easily and efficiently. The approach is illustrated by estimating recent Northern Hemispheric temperature trends. In so doing, it shows how classical trend models may be selected in empirical applications and indicates how this choice determines the properties of the latest trend estimates.     

广义预测控制性质研究

研究了带有纯滞后系统的广义预测控制的deadbeat性质,通过系数映射关系,分析闭环系统特征多项式系数为零的条件,给出了带有纯滞后的GPC闭环系统具有deadbeat性质所要满足的条件,为研究有纯滞后的GPC的性质提供了一种基于系数空间映射的新思路.     

防欺诈的动态(t,n)认证加密方案

针对已有的共享认证加密方案不能有效抵制成员欺骗,不能动态调整验证成员的门限值,以及增加或删除验证者时,系统需重新给所有验证者分配新的密钥等安全缺陷,提出了一种基于动态秘密共享和认证加密算法的具有动态调整验证者门限值的共享认证加密方案。该方案可高效检测验证者的欺诈行为;用户自己选择秘密份额,系统中心不需向用户传送任何秘密信息;当有用户加入或退出系统时,其他用户不必更改自己的密钥。此外,签名者可根据消息的重要性,动态确定验证组中参与验证的门限值。     

Cramer法则与Vandermonde行列式的应用

本文利用Cramer法则与Vandermonde行列式的结果，推导出了Lagrange插值公式以及一些缺项的多项式的表达式。这是对Cramer法则与Vander－monde行列式行列工的一个很好的综合运用。