Divergence of the world city system from national economies

This study shows that the position of cities in the world economy has diverged from national economies. Using data from 2016, we evaluate a network of 12,802 cities formed by the location decisions of 24,355 firms in terms of their point centrality, and show that the inter-city and inter-national systems have measurably decoupled, disrupting the previously-observed pattern in which the most powerful cities in the world city system were located in core countries, "mid-level" cities were in the semi-periphery,and the least powerful cities were in peripheral countries. Our findings support predictions that globalizing cities would diverge from national economies and that globalization would generate a new global geography that transects long-standing cleavages in the world system.     

绿洲与绿洲城市：从农牧时代到工业时代新疆城市发展的特点

新疆特殊的自然地理环境,尤其是其独特的绿洲生态系统对新疆城市的影响显著.绿洲和绿洲城市成为新疆城市区别于中国其他区域城市的一个十分重要的特点.农牧业时代新疆绿洲城市的特点主要表现为两个方面,一是绿洲城市与绿洲具有一致性特点--不平衡性、分散性和封闭性;二是新疆绿洲城市数量少、规模小,长期发展缓慢.进入工业时代,新疆绿洲城市的发展出现新的特点,一是城市数量增多,城市规模扩大,初步形成绿洲城市区域体系;二是绿洲城市从封闭走向开放;三是经济城市从单一功能向综合性多功能发展,城市功能不断强化;四是绿洲城市出现可持续发展的新趋势.在国家实施"一带一路"战略的背景下,新疆绿洲城市迎来了新的发展机遇.     

基于政府调控的绿色智慧港口转型演化及扩散研究

港口在推动全球经济贸易的同时给全球海洋和大气带来严重污染，港口发展受到各国政府、国际组织等应对气候变化、环境保护相关政策措施的约束与影响，港口发展面临转型。本研究基于政府和港口的双视角，考虑绿色智慧港口建设成本及政府调控影响，对政府港口双方的决策行为进行演化博弈分析，探索政府调控下的绿色智慧港口建设演化路径，挖掘绿色智慧港口建设的主要推动因素，刻画二者在绿色智慧港口转型中相互制约、共存共荣的关系。借鉴Lotka-Volterra模型测度绿色智慧港口发展扩散趋势，通过模拟政府调控力度刻画绿色智慧港口与普通港口的扩散形势变化，反映绿色智慧港口演化需求，揭示绿色智慧港口在无政府调控下发展的局限性，印证了政府调控对于绿色智慧港口转型的推动机制。研究结果表明：在政府没有介入港口转型时，港口总是会向普通港口方向发展；当政府开始对港口转型进行调控时，绿色智慧港口发展竞争力加强、建设比率明显提高。绿色智慧港口发展速度与政府调控的强度是正相关关系，政府调控在绿色智慧港口转型不同阶段促进能力不同，随着政府调控力度的改变，绿色智慧港口的市场竞争力也持续变化，最终演化为政府和港口都满意的结果。     

从道式“人类聚居学”看中国大城市的人居环境

随着经济的发展,世界上很多国家已经完成了城市化的进程。在城市化趋势越加明显的中国,人居环境的建设正在不断地发展中,我们需要了解目前人居环境的发展现状。通过对研究道萨迪亚斯"人类聚居学"理论的研究,对中国大城市的人居环境进行探讨,力图找到适合中国大城市人居环境发展的方式。     

陈云与城市解放后经济新秩序的构建

构建城市解放后经济新秩序是巩固人民民主政权、建设新民主主义社会的重要组成部分。其基本内容是建立以人民币为核心的金融秩序，稳定社会经济运行环境；协调企业内部矛盾，构建新型劳动管理关系；调整公私关系，整理工商税收，建立规范、统一的经济发展环境。陈云是实施城市经济新秩序构建的主要组织者，其主持实施的城市经济新秩序的构建不仅结束了城市解放之初经济秩序混乱的局面，也奠定了社会主义新经济基础。     

西藏城市人居环境审美追求的民族文化特色

西藏历史建筑不仅具有独特的建筑风格和高超技术，而且还有着独特的审美取向和价值观。人与自然之美是西藏城市人居环境建设的基本追求，敬畏自然，顺应自然是西藏人居环境建设的基本原则，而依山临水则是西藏城市人居环境顺应自然的价值追求和灵活运用。西藏是一个宗教文化盛行的地区，特别是藏传佛教在元以后渗入西藏社会政治、经济和文化等各个领域，在宗教文化的影响下，西藏重要城市和寺庙建筑具有非常特别的神圣和庄严之美。西藏的自然景观奇特壮丽，天地之美形成了藏族人居环境的色彩之美和对人居环境美化的特殊追求。藏文化与其他文化的多元交流与融合共同塑造出了藏族对人居环境的审美观念，这对当今中国人居环境科学的发展具有极为宝贵的启示与价值。     

Gateway cities for transnational higher education? Doha,Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah as regional amplifiers in networks of the ‘global knowledge-based economy’

This paper investigates how the developmental ambitions of governments to attract university offshore campuses to Doha, Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah and these universities’ internationalization strategies affect the three cities’ positionalities. It links interdisciplinary literature on globally uneven geographies of higher education to geographical debates on the intermediating role of cities in regional and global economies. The paper conceptualizes the three cities as a triadic ensemble of gateways for transnational higher education (TNE), thereby contributing to further theorization of gateway cities. The paper shows that the three cities fulfil two crucial gateway functions. First, they connect internationalizing universities with particular student segments from their regional hinterlands seeking access to TNE. Second, they thereby amplify and disperse hegemonic regimes of the globalising knowledge-based economy in their regional hinterlands. While all three cities share similar functions and rationales, they also have distinct positionalities rooted in different strategies of the respective governments.     

The homeless of urban India under COVID-19 lockdown: Rethinking their rights and the role of public policy

Homelessness comes with a slew of challenges and a never-ending struggle for survival. This study examines the impact of the pandemic and lockdown on the homeless population of urban India. The study reflects on the experiences of the homeless in the major cities of India during the first wave of the pandemic as well as explores the aspect of their rights and the role of government policy in this regard. The methodology of the study is qualitative in nature, where secondary data collected from various sources such as news articles, blogs, books, journals, and reports are put to analysis for deriving the findings. The study reveals the sufferings of the homeless in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chennai. Their fight is not merely with the SARS-CoV-2 virus but also with hunger, unemployment, and neglect faced by them. The study highlights the fact that their rights are being compromised due to drawbacks relating to policy implementation. The study concludes with certain suggestions such as, addressing the loopholes in policy implementations and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities.     

通商口岸体系的形成与中国近代城市体系的变动——基于人口史的考察

近代城市体系的研究不能脱离对传统政区的深入探讨。晚清时期以上海为中心的通商口岸体系与以北京为代表的传统政区体系分庭抗礼,是近代中国“半殖民地半封建”社会的结构性写照。通商口岸体系形成后中国城市的发展变化,从总体上说,应是城市体系的“近代化”,而不是所谓的“城市化”。