Allocating observations in a test for the ratio of scales of independent gamma variates

Consider two independent gamma populations with common shape parameter α. Let ρ denote the ratio of their scale parameters, and consider the problem of testing the null hypothesis ρ = 1 against the alternative ρ = 1 + r , where r >0 . A procedure, not depending on α , that maximizes the exact slope at this alternative is proposed.     

被害人问题:刑事司法的局限与可能

被害人问题为当下刑事法学界的重要议题,因对其利益的忽视而致现代刑事法治面临严重正当性危机."尊重被害人、考虑他们的需要"成为刑事法学及各国实践的重点.反观国内,许多被害人问题研究着眼于谋求在刑事诉讼中被害人地位的提升,而忽视了因无法改变的犯罪与刑罚的本质认识、司法的目的与其作为认识活动的性质等方面所决定了其在被害人问题解决上的难以克服的局限性.刑事司法固然在被害人问题解决上难当主力,但是在不损及被告人权利与诉讼目的前提下进行局部改良亦有保障被害人权利的可能.所以,应对被害人问题的现实作法是强调刑事司法与其他社会政策的互动与协调.     

“Child perpetrators of sexual abuse”: The emergence of a problematic deviant category

This article critically examines the emergence in the professional literature of a new category of criminal deviant: the very young juvenile “sexual offender” (“child perpetrator”). It is argued that current research and writings on “child perpetrators” 1) fail to adhere to established tenets of scientific inquiry; 2) attempt to pathologize species‐typical behaviors; and 3) reflect symbolic opposition to widespread sexual license perceived to have resulted from the “sex positive” interpretive changes regarding sexuality that occurred during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Interactionist methods are applied in tracing three decades of interpretive changes regarding sexual behavior as reflected in the content of professional and popular sexological literature from the mid 1960s to the present. It is concluded that the writings on “child perpetrators” constitute an anomalous but predictable development in the field when considered against the background of recent trends in sexual discourse, professional ideology, and the current widespread perception among many Americans that children are no longer safe from harm while engaged in their normal daily activities.     

Perceptions of Abusive Parenting Behaviors: A Preliminary Exploration Into the Underrecognition of Mother–Daughter Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT

The current study examined the influence of the sex of the parent and the sex of the child on perceptions of sexually abusive behaviors. Vignettes illustrating different forms of sexual abuse were rated by 124 participants, with the different parent–child pairs (mother–daughter, mother–son, father–daughter, father–son) substituted into the vignettes being the only difference between groups. Two-way between subjects ANOVAs revealed that sexually abusive behaviors by mothers were perceived as less damaging to child victims (F (1, 120 = 7.56, p < .01) than the same sexually abusive behaviors committed by fathers. In addition, sexually abusive behaviors by mothers toward daughters were perceived as the least abusive (F (1, 120 = 16.30, p < .001) and the least criminal (F (1, 120 = 4.44, p < .05) as compared to the other three groups. Results suggest that perceptions of sexual abuse may be influenced by perceptions of sex and gender.     

Sexual Abuse in a Classroom of Ten Male Students: A Group Victimization

The term “professional perpetrator” is used to describe individuals who commit sexual abuse in the capacity of a position of trust such as a teacher, household member, or employer. There is an increasing body of evidence focusing on educator sexual abuse in the school environment. However, data are limited about this topic. The aim of this paper is to present the rare occurrence of the case of a male teacher in Turkey who sexually abused his students in an elementary school. Although it is unknown which populations are most vulnerable to sexual abuse, in Turkey we think that the indigenous population is at risk. Abuse cases are not logged into the criminal justice system because the majority of abuse allegations are ignored or disbelieved by families.     

News: University prizes

Abstract

Stressful working environments are often assumed to create conditions that may lead to bullying. However, few studies have investigated how factors experienced in the work environment may trigger perpetrators to engage in bullying of others. Drawing on Spector and Fox's (2005) stressor–emotion model of counterproductive work behaviour, the present study investigated the predictive effects of both individual and situational factors as predictors of being a perpetrator of workplace bullying, as applied to a representative sample of the Norwegian workforce (N=2359). Results from logistic regression analysis show that being oneself a target of bullying, regardless of the frequency, and being male strongly predicted involvement in bullying of others. Among the situational factors, only role conflict and interpersonal conflicts significantly predicted being a perpetrator of bullying. The present findings support the notion that bullying will thrive in stressful working environments and thus yield an important contribution in identifying antecedent conditions to counteract the development of bullying at workplaces.     

内涵的刻画与认知的可能世界——兼评查尔莫斯的二维语义理论

解决同义性问题的一个重要困难在于:断定表达式有相同的意义包含了如下的假定———不同的说话者用音节划分世界的方式是一样的。因此,同义性问题不仅涉及指称问题,也涉及说话者如何使用语言的问题,而这也是"分析性"和"内涵"这些概念何以导致众多争论的重要原因之一。查尔莫斯认为,为了刻画表达式的内涵,必须区分认知的可能世界和模态的可能世界,从而利用理性(说话者使用语言的方式)和模态(真实世界的可能状态)构建出"意义"的解释。     

采用可能解空间改进遗传算法

引入可能解空间的概念,探讨了它在遗传算法约束条件处理改进中的应用.应用实例分析表明,改进的遗传算法可得到更优化的结果,并验证了在种群生成中采用改进约束条件处理的优势.工程实践也表明,采用可能解空间对遗传算法约束条件处理的改进,能大大减少随机试探次数,提高算法的运行效率.     

论政治诚信

作为一种制度性诚信,政治诚信主要包括政治理念诚信、政治制度诚信及政治活动主体诚信三个方面,具有公共性、合理性、制度性、中立性、效益性特征.专制社会缺乏政治诚信的基础,现代社会得以存在的三大支柱即商品经济、民主政治与多元价值观念的存在则为政治诚信提供了可能性条件.政治诚信具有维护和增进公民权益、推进政治文明建设、促进社会全面发展的作用.     

高校离退休教职工工作改革初探

目前,综合性大学的离退休工作普遍存在着"三多一少"等问题。为适应高校实现"超常规、跨越式、重建设"发展目标的要求,高校的离退休工作,必须在学校党政的统一领导下,坚持以人为本,树立真心实意地为老同志服务的思想,找准工作结合点,明确工作切入点,不断研究新情况、拓展新思路、探索新途径,才能在开展"六个老有"的活动中切实做好离退休教职工的管理服务,为维护学校的大局和稳定、促进学校的改革和发展作出贡献。