日据时期海南岛上的日语教育研究

日军侵占海南岛后,在短时间内建立起了从幼儿园、小学、中学到农业学校、师范学校的比较完整的日语教育体系。由于起步晚,持续时间短等原因,海南日语教育尚未达到规范化程度,各校间的教育情况差别较大,具有较强的随意性。然而无论在哪一级学校,日语教育都处于绝对核心地位。日语教育的目的在于摧毁岛民的反抗力,抹杀岛民的民族性,为永久占领海南岛奠定文化基础。     

乾嘉时期戏曲评点理论发覆

清代乾嘉时期是中国传统学术文化由理学迈向朴学之重要转型期,也是中国戏曲评点理论发生转变的关键期.清代戏曲评点在清初顺、康年间达到鼎盛,乾隆以后又迅速走向衰落.较清初而言,乾嘉时期的初戏曲评点在延续中有变化,主要表现在:戏曲叙事结构理论的延续与变异、形式批评的崇尚和反剧场化的艺术追求.这是时代思潮规训和文人戏曲评点家忽视戏曲综合性艺术的"类"特征二者合力的结果,标志着古典戏曲评点日渐走向衰亡.     

Conscription of children in armed conflict—a form of child abuse. A study of 19 former child soldiers

Armed combat in childhood is a form of child abuse. It may lead to serious consequences, including post‐traumatic stress disorder. The inherent emotional abuse and acts or omissions by caregivers may cause behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental disorder in the child. Nineteen former child soldiers were interviewed in a rehabilitation centre using a standard questionnaire. Reasons for recruitment included: volunteered (18), hatred of enemy (revenge) (5), virtue of being a freedom fighter (martyrdom) (9), as a means of supporting their family (economic) (3). One child was abducted, 7 joined for fear of the ‘enemy’ abducting them, and in 5 a family member was killed by ‘enemy’ or own group. The children were involved in manual labour (15), guard duty (15), front‐line fighting (7), bomb manufacture (5), setting sea/land mines (5) and radio and communication (2). Fifteen were trained in firearms and 14 in self‐destruction. Twelve children attempted to or did run away and 11 refused to obey orders or argued. This led to various punishments, including kitchen duty, beatings, imprisonment, blackmail or death threats. A majority of the children felt sad and emotionally upset when they remembered their mother and family. Children's involvement in war, whatever the ‘justifications’ may be, should always be considered as forced, as they cannot truly comprehend their action in war. The responsibility must be taken by the adult caregivers. The following definition of the abuse of children in armed conflict is proposed: ‘The involvement of dependent, developmentally immature children and adolescents in armed conflict they do not truly comprehend, to which they are unable to give informed consent, and which adversely affects the child's right to unhindered growth and identity as a child’. Firm international agreement on guidelines for the lower age limit of recruitment of children into armed forces is required. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晚唐五代时期金河黑河水系变迁与环境演变

汉代黑河(删丹河,或名张掖河,又名弱水)与北大河(金河,又名呼蚕水)交汇入注居延海,汉代以后直到唐代之前都没有记载.<元和郡县图志>记载两水分流,金河流注白亭海,张掖河流注居延海.敦煌文献记载晚唐时金河与张掖河交汇流注居延海,使居延海湖面出现一个恢复期.此外,金河和黑河流域地区居民结构变化、农业人口和用水量减少、黑河径流量增加也是居延海湖面增加的原因.     

宋代与中国古代取保候审制度的形成

取保候审古称责保知在,是刑事司法中普遍采用的限制人身自由的强制方法,是借助于保证人的信誉约束诉讼参加人,以配合司法活动的诉讼保障措施.在中国古代史籍中,取保候审于北齐初见使用,<唐律疏议>亦有条文记栽,两宋时期形成制度.与前代相比,宋代取保候审的规定更加具体,其适用条件的详备程度已达到当今立法水平,甚至有些规定今世未能企及.宋代取保候审制度的完善,可为宋代司法制度发达的又一力证.     

历史地缘政治背景下广西政治中心的选择与分省设想

唐后期，为了控驭广西西南部的非汉民族，在广西境内首次设立高层政区岭南西道，道治位于邕州，但历时短暂。从北宋到明代，在以民族因素为主导的地缘政治背景下，广西的政治中心长期位于桂林。清代中前期，民族因素对广西地缘政治的影响削弱，桂林作为省会只是历史惯性的作用。清后期爆发的边疆危机，成为广西地缘政治变动的新因素，广西省会由桂林迁往南宁成为历史发展的妊然趋势。     

对数学在岗位实践中应用的探讨

针对数学在岗位实践中的应用问题，对长春汽车工业高等专科学校已经毕业工作的部分学生进行了问卷调查，旨在了解毕业生在工作岗位上对数学知识的应用情况以及对数学课程改革的建议。通过对调查问卷进行统计与分析，给出了高职高专数学教育改进的方向和规律。     

李敏修社会思想探析

李敏修堪称民国时期中原地区绅士群体中的标志性人物,河南地区的最后一位理学家。他的社会思想主要包括忧患意识、济民思想、教化三个方面。其中,忧患意识具体体现为不满时政;济民思想可分为两个层面,一是民间私助,二是从政助民;至于教化内涵有三:尚俭、耕读传家、崇古,之所以如此,与其理学思想有关。总而论之,李敏修的社会思想介乎于激越与落伍之间,具有过渡性及一定的包容性,其中所蕴涵的精髓,如崇尚优秀传统文化等,对当今社会进化具有相当指导意义。     

从洋务派官僚自身素质透视洋务运动的破产

洋务派官僚奉行的中体西用理论纲领,说明他们缺乏对西方国家近代化发展规律的认识,对新式企业采取官督商办企业经营方式,说明他们并不具备兴办资本主义工商业所必需的经营管理知识,为特定企业采取借款缓息、减免税厘、提供专利特权等措施,说明他们并不具备举办资本主义工商业所必需的经济学知识。洋务运动的破产固然有诸多客观原因,但也与洋务派官僚思想观念和知识结构等方面存在着的诸多缺失密切相关。     

The International Adoption Experience: Do They Live Happily Ever After?

This study presents the perspective of parents who adopted children internationally and their now adult adopted children regarding the impact of international adoption on their lives. Areas explored include adaptation of the child and family, challenges experienced along the way, influence on various aspects of their lives, parent-child relationship, rewards and regrets associated with the adoption experience, recommendations for those considering international adoptions, and an adjective that would describe their journey. The outcome illuminates the success of international adoptions and the life-changing bond that is formed when parents and children transcend all boundaries to form a family to call their own.