解决农村贫困问题与全面建设小康社会

解决农村贫困问题的途径在于:对现有的扶贫方式予以创新;加强贫困地区的基础设施建设;注重提高贫困人口的素质;切实减轻农民负担;加快城镇化进程,引导农村劳动力合理有序流动;引导贫困人口主动参与扶贫活动。     

波普尔政治哲学的方法及其困境

波普尔政治哲学的方法论个人主义认为,社会制度和社会进程必须依照个人及其关系和行为的无意识结果来阐释.他企图以这种方法论去取代、吞噬马克思社会理论的方法论整体主义.但是,个人主义方法作为一种意识形态的方法论论证模式,在与马克思的唯物史观对抗中已经出现逻辑上的混乱,因而使自身置于不能自拔的困境之中.波普尔方法论个人主义陷入困境的全部症结在于其原子式个人主义的哲学根基,原子式个人主义暴露了沉沦于现代形而上学建制的自由主义理念的弊病和根本缺陷.马克思对现代形而上学的批判,宣告了波普尔政治哲学方法论的终结.     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

桃花源里可耕田?--从一个瑶寨看扶贫与发展

贫困一直以来被认为是经济问题,许多扶贫措施也主要是采用经济手段来试图解决这一问题.文章通过对一个背陇瑶村落50多年的社会变迁进行考察,认为生态环境的恶化是村民家庭贫困的重要原因,城乡二元结构制度也一定程度上阻碍了该村经济与社会的发展,但作者更倾向于认为贫困是一种文化秩序的结果.扶贫工作在改善贫困人口的物质生活条件的同时,也把扶贫者的思想观念灌输给贫困者,由此而产生的后果之一就是富人或者强权者的财富观强化了贫困人口的贫困感,双方以一种合谋的方式制造了一套关于贫困的文化秩序.     

Poor Mothers and Habits of Hiding: Participatory Methods in Poverty Research

Poor mothers have long‐standing habits of hiding their lives in response to punitive authorities and stigma. We identify practices of hiding daily life, and we describe participatory research approaches for and ethical concerns in learning more about poor women's critical insights and survival strategies.     

贫困测度指标及其评价

一、引言一般来说,研究贫困问题主要涉及三个方面:一是贫困的识别;二是贫困程度测定;三是反贫困效果判定以及相应的战略选择。贫困识别问题主要指贫困的基本范畴及贫困线的合理确定,关系到贫困集合的准确界定;贫困程度的测定主要指贫困指数的定义和计算,关系到贫困程度大小的判     

The Ecology of Family Guidance in Low-Income Mexican-American and European-American Families*

This two-part study applied an ecocultural perspective to socialization of daily and long-term goals in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families with children in third, fifth, and seventh grades. The first part of the study examined family members' participation and parents' socialization goals and guidance strategies for their children's daily household chores and homework activities. The second part of the study examined parents' long-term aspirations and guidance strategies for their children's educational, vocational, and moral development. For daily activities, results showed that in Mexican-American families both parents and siblings played important roles, whereas in European-American families parents were the primary socialization agents. As predicted, in both groups parents' expertise influenced their guidance strategies. Finally, Mexican-American and European-American parents differed in their relative endorsement of gender, relational, and self-reliance goals for household chores. For long-term goals, parents in both groups held high educational, vocational, and moral aspirations for their children. However, some parents of seventh-graders had lower educational and vocational aspirations than those of fifth- and third-graders. Although expertise consistently influenced Mexican-American parents' guidance strategies, the pattern for European-American parents was mixed. The discussion highlights between- and within-group differences in daily and long-term socialization practices with an emphasis on resources and vulnerabilities in the families.     

扶贫典型人物事迹电影改编策略探析 ——以黄诗燕为例

国家精准扶贫战略实施过程中涌现了一大批扶贫攻坚的模范人物,黄诗燕就是其中的典型和代表,将其优秀事迹改编成主旋律电影,既能凸显典型人物的榜样作用,又能向世界展现脱贫攻坚的中国经验。黄诗燕事迹的电影改编,其主题表达,要以讲好中国故事为核心,在展示其感人的扶贫事迹同时,向世界传播中国扶贫经验;其人物塑造,要以还原真实、塑造典型为原则,彰显黄诗燕的榜样形象;其剧情设置,应突破传统主旋律电影模式化的叙事手段,以点带面,虚实共构;其影像画面,应利用现实主义手法,通过在地性的空间变化和符号化的典型意象,向世界输出中国影像。如此,电影改编才能产生其应有的社会价值和观影效果。     

企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响

2020年,我国脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利,总结资本市场助力脱贫攻坚的经验,对推动新发展阶段中国经济的高质量发展有着重要的现实意义。以2016-2019年期间沪深两市A股上市公司中参与精准扶贫的企业为样本,探讨企业参与精准扶贫对审计质量的影响,结果发现：企业参与精准扶贫显著提高了审计质量,企业参与精准扶贫与审计质量之间的正向关系在高媒体关注度企业和非国有企业中更显著。为了巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴工作,政府要高度重视企业的力量,新闻媒体要加强对企业参与精准扶贫的报道与监督,企业要积极承担社会责任,三者共同发力于中华民族伟大复兴战略全局。     

政府对农村电商扶贫的补贴机制研究

乡村振兴背景下,针对政府补贴与农村电商扶贫有效运营问题,在一个农户和一个农村电商服务平台(站)组成的供应链中,以农户的利润增长为可持续扶贫目标,探究政府补贴农户和农村电商服务平台对可持续扶贫的影响。结果表明:政府补贴农户和农村电商服务平台均能增加农户利润,提高供应链绩效;发现政府补贴的有效范围和最佳补贴额;政府补贴策略与政府补贴总额及农产品销量密切相关。政府补贴总额较少时,补贴农户情形下销售努力水平、佣金和产量较高;政府补贴总额较多时,补贴农村电商服务平台情形下较高。农产品热销时,政府补贴农村电商服务平台情形下可持续扶贫效果更佳;农产品销量低时,补贴农户对可持续扶贫更有利。