交传过程中语境构建效能的实证研究

This article aims at investigating conceptualized operation of presence and absence of interpreting context and its effect to interpreting competence and performance of consecutive interpreters through variable assignment and category classification. The findings are as follows. Firstly, contextual construction represents general conceptual frame competence while distinctive features exist in the active category, the inactive category and the intermediate category. Secondly, since difficult conceptual prominence comes from unbalance of internal subsystems, the simplex networking of presence or absence may not lead to successful interpreting, which suggests that contextual construction barrier might be one of the recessive factors to restrain interpreting level. Thirdly, contextual construction efficiency is affected by synergistic effect of conceptualization of presence and absence as optimization of performance depends on the systematic effect of operation of both while such influence is not restricted to one-way interpreting alone     

Absent presence: the ongoing impact of men's violence on the mother–child relationship

This paper draws from interviews with 45 mothers and 52 children who participated in an action research project to develop activities to support women and children in the aftermath of domestic violence. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and explore the question: In what ways does the perpetrator of abuse remain present in the lives of women and children following separation? The paper invites workers to recognize the distortions created by domestic violence that may need to be identified and addressed in the aftermath of violence. The ways in which past trauma, erosion of self‐esteem and the undermining of the mother–child relationship continues to create a shadow across the present relationship are identified. The continued presence of the perpetrator of abuse through child contact arrangements and ongoing harassment is also highlighted. The ‘absent presence’ of the abusive partner is posited as a concept to assist workers with a framework through which to understand problems in the mother–child relationship which emerge when living with and separating from a violent partner. The paper has implications for social workers orientating practice to focus on perpetrator accountability and support strengthening the mother–child relationship.     

Previous sickness presence among long‐term sick‐listed in Norway and Sweden: A retrospective study of prevalence and self‐reported reasons

The aim of the present study was to analyse previous sickness presence among long‐term sick‐listed individuals in Norway and Sweden and the reasons given for sickness presence. The study was based on survey data for 3,312 persons in Norway and Sweden who had been sick‐listed for at least 30 days. Two questions were used. One measured prevalence: During the last 12 months prior to your current sick leave, did you go to work even when feeling so ill that you should have taken sick leave? The second question concerned reasons for sickness presence. Large differences were found between Norway and Sweden in the prevalence of sickness presence. More long‐term sick‐listed Norwegians than Swedes reported sickness presence [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for Sweden 0.65 (0.53–0.80)]. The Swedes more often reported financial reasons for sickness presence [adjusted OR 2.77 (2.1 to ?3.54)], while the Norwegians more often gave positive reasons related to work. The national differences may be related to differences in sickness insurance strategies.     

德里达对政治在场本体论的批判——以《马克思的幽灵》为例

德里达后期的政治著作沿袭了其早期提出的解构哲学思想,在批判逻辑中心主义和语音中心主义的基础上进一步驳斥政治在场本体论。以《马克思的幽灵》为例,德里达在此文本中展现了独特的政治哲学思想:用文本差异来反抗政治中的语音中心主义,用幽灵学来对抗政治的在场本体论,用无限的他者来拯救未来政治。     

The Impact of Paternity and Marital Status on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Births

In the United States the number of births to unmarried mothers is at a record high. Although being unmarried is a significant risk factor for low birth weight and preterm births, paternal presence may have a protective effect. In addition to marital status, paternity may be a proxy measure for paternal support. Virginia birth registry data were analyzed to investigate the effect of marital and paternity status on low birth weight and preterm births. Findings from this study show that women who reported being unmarried and with no paternity status were 1.6 (odds ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.41–1.75) and 1.4 (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–1.61) times more likely to have preterm low birth weight and term low birth weight babies, respectively. Being unmarried and lack of established paternity appear to be significantly correlated with and may be important risk factors for preterm and low birth weight deliveries. Health care professionals should be aware of the potential role of paternal presence and marital status may play with respect to preterm births and low birth weight.     

The Challenge of Leadership in Front Line Clinical Teams Struggling to Meet Current Policy Demands

Teams, and their managers, working at the interface between government policy and service to clients are subject to high levels of anxiety arising out of the persecutory manner in which well-intended policy demands are delivered and cost efficiencies imposed. Informed by Bion's ideas about group behaviours, these responses can be understood as a form of defensive behaviour and identified as Basic Assumption Me-ness. Basic Assumption Me-ness in team managers takes the form of managerialism at the expense of leadership, developing a shell that acts as a protection for the lonely, overburdened, vulnerable and soft inside. This hardness, evident through increased unavailability and a rather sadistic use of boundaries, is communicated to staff, who in turn pass it onto clients. In this manner, it infects all relationships thus stifling emotional engagement, creative thinking and practice. This paper then explores ways in which team leaders, courageous enough to take up their authority in an emotionally engaged manner, can reverse these dynamics to the relief and benefit of all concerned. Leaders need to insist on attendance at meetings and supervision where cases can be properly considered; demonstrate an ability to think about risk as ever present in the work because, as all are well aware, no amount of form filling can eliminate this; and acknowledge that the work requires constant assessment and judgement as well as an ability to stay with the unknown. The aim is to be responsive to the daily struggles of team members working face-to-face with clients and to remain aware of ‘the reality on the ground’ when engaging in an equally lively way with senior management.     

Social presence for strategic health messages: An examination of state governments' use of Twitter to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic

Scholars investigated the role of social presence theory in numerous communication contexts. However, we have limited knowledge about the impact of social presence strategies on public attention during a pandemic. This study fills this gap by investigating the connections between social presence strategies, Covid-19 strategies, and public attention. Twitter data of state governments from January 21, 2020 to July 21, 2020 were downloaded for this study. Content analysis of 1500 randomly selected posts revealed that social presence strategies were effective in generating public attention on Twitter. Furthermore, expressing appreciation, providing guidance, and informing the publics about governments' actions generated public attention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

我国侦讯程序中律师在场制度的设立

随着侦查权力的不断扩张，口供主义侦查方式较为盛行，致使刑讯逼供已成为刑事司法文明的最大障碍，使侦查讯问过程受到人们质疑。为了解决上述问题，最大限度维护犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益，更为及时、全面、充分地为犯罪嫌疑人提供刑事辩护，同时监督刑事侦查权力的行使。文章针对我国侦查讯问中出现的刑讯逼供和口供不稳定等问题，提出侦查程序中设立律师在场制度设想，在对其程序价值进行考察基础上，对律师在场制度的具体设置和相关保障措施作初步探讨。     

法国现象学运动的新转折（下）

新一代法国现象学家,自20世纪80年代以来,一方面不断对现象学自身及其历史,特别是对胡塞尔和海德格尔的原有理论和方法,发出“回问”(Rückfrage)、反思,甚至批判,另一方面,遵循“回到事物自身”(zu denSachen selbst)的原则,针对现实生活世界所遭遇的问题,试图开辟和扩大其理论视野,同时尝试改进原有的现象学方法,创造了新的“生命现象学”、“伦理现象学”及实现“现象学的神学转折”等一系列重大理论事件,不但使法国现象学运动本身发生新的重要转折,也引起当代整个法国哲学领域的重大争论,预示着法国哲学在新世纪的又一个创新高潮的到来。     

复线逻辑:“行动”中的壮族习惯法及其未来面向研究——以贵州省N自治县为表述对象

以时间为自变量,空间为他变量,辅之田野方法,方可促成对壮族习惯法演化机制的立体解构。就实践表征而言,壮族习惯法并非静止不变,它既与本民族在区域社会中的生存状态、经济活动、社会地位、文化生活息息相关,又体现出族群在面对不同政治经济环境时所做出的竞争、协商与妥协。"国家在场"对壮族习惯法的形塑,采取的是一种复线逻辑,并聚焦于载体重构、机制再造、属性蜕变三重维度。在壮族习惯法的未来发展面向上,应实现三个转变,即支配逻辑层面的"效力外溢"到"效力紧缩",传承策略层面的"单一型范"到"兼容并蓄",生存契机层面的"法律一元"到"多元司法"。