Non-parental childcare,time pressure and the gendered division of paid work,domestic work and parental childcare

What impact does out-sourcing childcare have on the time parents spend on paid work, domestic work and childcare, and how they share these tasks between themselves? Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (TUS) 2006 we investigate the effects of formal and informal non-parental childcare on the time use of couples with children aged 0–4 years (N=348). We examine associations between non-parental care and (1) couples' combined time in paid work, domestic work and childcare, (2) parents' time separately by gender in paid work, domestic work and childcare (subdivided by activity type) and (3) parents' self-reported time pressure. Total workloads (the sum of paid work, domestic work and childcare) are neither higher nor lower when non-parental care is used, either for households combined or for each gender separately. The way time is spent, and how activities are divided by gender does differ, however. For mothers the use of any non-parental care and more hours in formal care is associated with more paid work hours, less childcare time and higher self-reported time pressure. Fathers' time is more constant, but they report higher subjective time pressure with increasing hours of formal non-parental care.     

Relation between hand grip strength,respiratory muscle strength and spirometric measures in male nursing home residents

Abstract

Adverse-outcomes related to sarcopenia are mostly mentioned as physical disability. As the other skeletal muscles, respiratory muscles may also be affected by sarcopenia. Respiratory muscle strength is known to affect pulmonary functions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relations between extremity muscle strength, respiratory muscle strengths and spirometric measures in a group of male nursing home residents. Among a total of 104 male residents, residents with obstructive measures were excluded and final study population was composed of 62 residents. Mean age was 70.5?±?6.7 years, body mass index: 27.7?±?5.3?kg/m² and dominant hand grip strength: 29.7?±?6.5?kg. Hand grip strength was positively correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (r?=?0.35, p?<?0.01 and r?=?0.26, p?<?0.05, respectively). In regression analysis, the only factor related to MIP was hand grip strength; among spirometric measures only parameter significantly related to grip strength was peak cough flow (PCF). The association of PCF with grip strength disappeared when MIP alone or “MIP and MEP” were included in the regression analysis. In the latter case, PCF was significantly associated only with MIP. We found peripheric muscle strength be associated with MIP and PCF but not with MEP or any other spirometric parameters. The relation between peripheral muscle strength and PCF was mediated by MIP. Our findings suggest that sarcopenia may affect inspiratory muscle strength earlier or more than the expiratory muscle strength. Sarcopenia may cause decrease in PCF in the elderly, which may stand for some common adverse respiratory complications.     

The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time

People’s welfare is a function of both time and money. People can – and, it is said, increasingly do – suffer time-poverty as well as money-poverty. It is undeniably true that people feel increasingly time pressured, particularly in dual-earner households. But much of the time devoted to paid and unpaid tasks is over and above that which is strictly necessary. In that sense, much of the time pressure that people feel is discretionary and of their own making. Using data from the 1992 Australian Time Use Survey, this paper demonstrates that the magnitude of this ‘time-pressure illusion’ varies across population groups, being least among lone parents and greatest among the childless and two-earner couples.     

美联储新一轮量化宽松货币政策对中国的影响

美联储于2010年11月4日宣布推出第二轮量化宽松货币政策（QE2）,这对新兴市场的流动性产生了巨大的冲击。QE2通过国际利差、美国国债回购、跨国企业FDI等渠道迫使人民币升值,同时过剩的流动性会对我国资产价格产生较大的外部压力。特别需要指出目前我国普遍存在的行业低利润现象会推高资产价格并放大人民币升值产生的不良后果。     

电动喷枪噪声源识别的实验研究

针对某型电动喷枪存在噪声过大的问题,通过声压测试实验对电动喷枪5个工况下的A计权声压级进行分析,并对空载情况下的整枪1/3倍频程谱进行分析,得出壳体振动是产生电动喷枪噪声的主要原因。并将各噪声源分离出来,从而提出通过改变壳体结构减少振动的方法来降噪。     

351例高龄老人高尿酸血症相关因素分析

目的探讨高龄老人血尿酸的变化及与血压、血脂的关系。方法选择351例2004年6月至2008年6月在我院住院的70岁以上高龄老年人为研究对象,以血尿酸≥416mmol／L为界限,大于该值为高尿酸血症,血胆固醇≥5．72mmol／L为高胆固醇血症,血甘油三酯≥1．71mmol/L为高甘油三酯血症。结果高尿酸血症者120例,占34．1％,（70—79）岁、（80—89）岁、〉190岁高尿酸血症者分别为28．7％、43．1％、66．7％（P〈0．05）,且随年龄增长血尿酸也呈增加趋势（P〈0．01）,高尿酸血症组的收缩压、甘油三酯明显高于尿酸正常组（均为P〈0．05）。结论老年人高尿酸血症发生率高,且随年龄增加高尿酸血症的患病率和血尿酸的值均增加,高龄老人高尿酸血症与血压、血脂明显相关。     

高校青年教师心理压力现状与缓解策略探讨——以浙江师范大学为例

文章认为,高校青年教师心理压力来自教学、科研、教学经验和知识储备、职业发展的机制与环境、高校管理体制改革等方面。高校青年教师心理压力的缓解策略应从学校管理制度、评价机制、青年教师身心等多角度加以考虑。文章在对浙江师范大学261名青年教师抽样调查的基础上,就高校青年教师的心理压力现状和缓解策略问题作了分析探讨。     

高校辅导员职业倦怠影响因素及对策研究

职业倦怠是指在以人为服务对象的职业领域中,个体由于长期遭受到情绪和人际关系紧张源而产生的反应.高校辅导员是典型的助人职业,其职业倦怠日益凸现,研究发现高校辅导员达到中等程度的职业倦怠,且主要组织影响因素为工作压力、组织公平和社会支持,因此对辅导员开展生涯规划管理、做好工作压力管理、良好的组织支持、科学民主的政务公开制度、入职培训将有效降低其职业倦怠水平。     

TMAH在压力传感器制作中的应用

介绍了四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)溶液的腐蚀特性,论述了在单晶硅和多晶硅高温压力传感器的制作过程中,TMAH腐蚀液在浓硼终止腐蚀和各向异性硅杯腐蚀两个制作工艺中的应用。通过大量的实验得到了较为理想的腐蚀条件,取得了较好的腐蚀结果。     

论中国的人口控制与可持续发展

当代全球性的资源短缺、环境恶化、失业危机和贫困蔓延,使人类社会面临着不可持续发展的严重威胁,导致这种状况的根源则是人口规模的持续膨胀,因此“人类对生育的选择将决定世界的未来”已成为全球的共识,我国虽已成功地实现了人口低速增长的历史性转变,但未达人口最高峰前的惯性膨胀、就业和消费压力及老龄化困惑,不仅加剧着资源紧缺和环境恶化,也给社会稳定和人们生活质量的提高造成了沉重的背负。因而,只有持续地控制人口增长、提高人口素质和合理人口分布,才能最终实现我国的可持续发展。