Poverty and social trends in Russia

The article describes the socioeconomic situation of the Russian population and its dynamics in 1992. The analysis is based on series of regional sociological surveys led by the All-Russian Living Standards Research Center and on official Russian statistical data. The basic unit of analysis is the family, and hence family typology approbated both in research and in practical social work is introduced. Besides describing and discussing the growing poverty tendencies in contemporary Russia, the article also contains methodological recommendations for social policy bodies and social workers on the strategy of work in social maintenance and social support of the least secure population strata.     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

中小企业发展与融资体系的构建

中小企业在其不同的发展阶段面临着不同的融资需求。文章以金融支持为主线,先从宏观层面上考察了企业融资结构分别对宏观经济波动和企业融资体系的影响,再从微观角度出发,试图在对中小企业各发展过程中融资行为、融资约束、融资结构等的分析中探求其“融资难”之所在。最后再依据我国的现实国情,并结合发达国家先进经验,探讨我国中小企业融资体系的构建。     

基于经营杠杆和需求价格弹性的产品定价策略研究

在竞争的市场中，企业对应以何种价格将自己的产品推出，同时又不会加大其经营风险这一问题越发关注，本文通过将经营杠杆与需求价格弹性相结合，论述了比营杠杆及需求价格弹性对企业产品定价策略的指导作用。     

青少年自我尊重心理的形成及其制约因素

青少年的自尊对其心理健康发展有着重要影响 ,因而倍受心理学的关注。研究指出 ,青少年自尊的形成受家庭养育方式等早期经验、青春期的成长与身体形象、个人效能感、青少年对自身能力的评价以及社会支持的影响。     

扩大内需中的货币政策效应--1996-2003年的实证分析

1996年以来,我国货币政策是有效的,但效果有限;近期内,依然存在利用货币政策影响实际经济的可能性.货币政策目标的实现,取决于执行货币政策的方式以及扩张(或紧缩)的力度.在通货收缩时期,如果只有货币数量扩张,而没有鼓励公共或私人投资的配套政策,或者数量扩张的力度不够,经济增长率就可能下滑.货币供应量的变化难以解释价格水平的变动,价格水平的波动除受总需求变化的影响外,还受总供给变化的影响.我国正经历从总供给能力不足向总供给能力相对过剩的经济转型,来自总供给方面的影响就更为突出.     

政治生活支持范式探微

政治生活支持作为我国政治文明发展的一种重要范式,它适应了民主政治建设的现代发展,并愈益成为我国政治文明建设的现实基础和强大动力。推进社会主义民主政治建设,离不开社会政治生活的支持。本文着重探讨政治生活支持的内涵、特点和研究价值,通过对政治生活支持范式的研究,试图构建政治文明发展的新平台,拓展民主政治建设的新路径,切实推动我国社会主义政治文明的深入发展     

Leveraging middle managers’ brokerage for corporate entrepreneurship: The role of multilevel social capital configurations

Building on recent efforts to bring a socio-political perspective to social capital research, we develop and test a multilevel framework that explains why middle managers who occupy brokerage positions differ in their ability and willingness to engage in entrepreneurial behavior. More specifically, we provide a contextualized understanding of the links among middle managers' brokerage, their political-support ties, and their personal initiative. Results derived from data on 383 middle managers and 72 top managers in 34 business units indicate that political-support ties with top managers strengthen the relationship between middle managers’ brokerage and personal initiative. However, this positive effect depends on the social capital resources available in the focal business unit. It is attenuated in business units with a supportive and trusting social context and amplified in business units with high levels of internal connectedness. By uncovering these incompatibilities and complementarities, our study demonstrates the value of accounting for different social capital configurations and the interplay of their inherent social capital resources when examining the effects of brokerage on corporate entrepreneurship.     

The relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction: A mediated moderation model using work engagement and perceived organizational support

Research on presenteeism has largely focused on its prevalence, determinants and consequences on the health of both employees and organizations. To date, few studies have examined the influence of presenteeism on workers’ attitudinal and motivational responses. Based on the Effort–Recovery Theory, this study evaluates the mediating effect of work engagement in the relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction. Building on previous work, this study also proposes to consider perceived organizational support as a moderator of the work engagement–job satisfaction relationship. Presented in the form of a mediated moderation model, the results of bootstrapped regression analyses show three main results. First, presenteeism is negatively associated with work engagement and job satisfaction. Secondly, work engagement is one of the factors through which presenteeism influences job satisfaction. Thirdly, perceived organizational support moderates the association between work engagement and job satisfaction so that, at a low level of work engagement, feeling supported by the organization makes a difference on job satisfaction. Overall, this research is part of the limited number of studies that have focused on the interplay existing between presenteeism and its consequences in terms of job attitudes.     

产品众筹中价格歧视策略的优化研究

产品众筹是一种常见的众筹形式,它要求企业为支持者提供创新型产品或服务作为回报。合理的定价策略是产品众筹的关键,本文分别从项目成功率和利润最大化角度研究价格歧视的优化问题。针对产品众筹全有或全无（All-or-Nothing,AoN）的机制下采用价格歧视策略时,价格差值和低价销售定额的最优决策问题。本文首先采用随机模型定义购买概率函数,分析支持者在购买过程中的影响因素;然后从项目支持者效用角度出发,应用两阶段模型讨论价格差值的相关影响因素,研究发现两级价格差值会受到级联效应、项目的特征以及支持者特征的影响。并且从支持者估值类型方向对基础模型进行了扩展,讨论了不同估值类型的支持者在不同价格差值范围内的选择行为;再则从项目的利润最大化角度出发讨论价格差值问题,研究发现价格差值受支持者数量和项目目标值的影响;最后通过计算相对利润函数解出最优低价销售定额的数量。