南怀仁《坤舆全图》的文献价值

南怀仁《坤舆全图》于康熙甲寅年(1674)木板印制。全图布局合理,恢宏大气,图文并茂,制作精致,设色鲜明。南怀仁巧妙地运用“动静之义”,论证舆图的“地圆说”。用经纬理法的科学制图方法,标识出五大洲的南北东西迄点。对世界各地的风土、人情、物产等做了全面的记述,又对全球著名的山岳高度、河流长度等做了大量的数据统计。第一次提出小西洋的概念,即印度洋水系。南怀仁《坤舆全图》,是中国古代中文版世界地图的集大成者,具有里程碑的意义。     

公共事业管理专业课程设置现状、原则及其方法

由于起步较晚、发展速度过快、专业方向众多、授予学位庞杂、师资力量薄弱等诸多主客观因素的影响,我国高校公共事业管理专业课程设置总体上呈现出课程开设数量不均、课程开设质量差强人意、课程课时分配随意等一系列现实问题和不足。对该专业课程设置所应遵循的科学性、创新性、社会需求导向、实践性等原则及其与之对应的具体设置方法进行深入探究,能够达到规范和完善公共事业管理专业课程设置的目标。     

关于我国信息化基本法的立法思考

我国信息化基本法立法应当把"以促进为主、引导和规范相结合"作为基本指导思想,以信息化建设法律关系主体为主线,以信息化建设中的权力与职责、权利与义务为支柱,以涵盖信息化要素的信息化建设活动为规范和调整对象,以解决当前我国信息化建设中面临的若干重大问题。     

概念整合理论与习语的理解

本文尝试用概念整合理论来探讨习语的理解。输入空间的价值与角色部分投射入整合空间,并被压缩为一个整体。整合空间对有选择地吸收的成分进行即时加工,产生输入空间中所不具备的突生结构。本文把习语放在不同的语境中来分析整合的即时处理作用。     

How can we make better graphs? An initiative to increase the graphical expertise and productivity of quantitative scientists

Graphics are at the core of exploring and understanding data, communicating results and conclusions, and supporting decision‐making. Increasing our graphical expertise can significantly strengthen our impact as professional statisticians and quantitative scientists. In this article, we present a concerted effort to improve the way we create graphics at Novartis. We provide our vision and guiding principles, before describing seven work packages in more detail. The actions, principles, and experiences laid out in this paper are applicable generally, also beyond drug development, which is our field of work. The purpose of this article is to share our experiences and help foster the use of good graphs in pharmaceutical statistics and beyond. A Graphics Principles “Cheat Sheet” is available online at https://graphicsprinciples.github.io/ .     

Advancing national human resource development research: suggestions for multilevel investigations

National human resource development (NHRD) is now an important area of investigation within human resource development with significant growth in publications over 49 years. Scholars have, however, highlighted the need for multilevel approaches to NHRD. We reviewed 192 papers to identify gaps on multilevel theorizing, and we propose a multilevel framework incorporating macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis. We develop principles and guidelines around WHAT, HOW, WHERE, WHEN, and WHY questions to promote multilevel NHRD research. Finally, we discuss research and methodological implications of our review.     

论构建技术主体伦理的原则及目标

在技术风险社会，技术主体在履行责任时往往会遇到伦理困境，所以技术主体伦理成为技术伦理的重要话题，它是对技术研发、运用以及运用后果等一系列技术过程中技术主体作用的伦理反思。文章分析了技术主体伦理构建的必要性：人与技术协调发展的客观要求、增强技术主体道德责任的重要途径、构建和谐社会的应有之义。在此基础上，认为明确、可行、合理的技术主体伦理原则对于指导技术主体走出伦理困境极为重要。为此，提出几条原则：“人与自然和谐统一”、“自律与他律相结合”、“主体愿用（受用）”、“技术风险即命令”等，以期实现技术价值认同、技术灾难教育素质化及技术德性“经营”的目标，而构建技术主体伦理是真正有效解决技术伦理问题的核心所在。     

论系统思维方法的一般原则

系统思维方法就是主体根据事物系统的存在方式而相应进行思考的方法。在人类长期认识过程中,系统思维方法形成了自己独特的思维原则,这些原则主要包括整体性原则、关联性原则、开放性原则和演进性原则等,阐释这些原则对于我们提高系统思维水平具有重要意义。     

Some Considerations on the Definition of Risk Based on Concepts of Systems Theory and Probability

The concept of risk has been applied in many modern science and technology fields. Despite its successes in many applicative fields, there is still not a well‐established vision and universally accepted definition of the principles and fundamental concepts of the risk assessment discipline. As emphasized recently, the risk fields suffer from a lack of clarity on their scientific bases that can define, in a unique theoretical framework, the general concepts in the different areas of application. The aim of this article is to make suggestions for another perspective of risk definition that could be applied and, in a certain sense, generalize some of the previously known definitions (at least in the fields of technical and scientific applications). By drawing on my experience of risk assessment in different applicative situations (particularly in the risk estimation for major industrial accidents, and in the health and ecological risk assessment for contaminated sites), I would like to revise some general and foundational concepts of risk analysis in as consistent a manner as possible from the axiomatic/deductive point of view. My proposal is based on the fundamental concepts of the systems theory and of the probability. In this way, I try to frame, in a single, broad, and general theoretical context some fundamental concepts and principles applicable in many different fields of risk assessment. I hope that this article will contribute to the revitalization and stimulation of useful discussions and new insights into the key issues and theoretical foundations of risk assessment disciplines.     

故乡或已成追忆--夏目漱石《心》论

“大城市”与“故乡”是作家写作的永恒主题。故乡不仅是我们生长的地方，更是精神的栖息地与安乐窝。离开故乡后，人们心中总在某处思念，这份思念寄托的是对过去生活的认同和情怀。但当人们从大城市再回到故乡，又往往发现故乡的氛围早已无法接纳异化后的“乡民”。本文试图从“故乡”的角度分析漱石代表作《心》中主人公“先生”自杀的原因。