国家控制与医生临床自主性的滥用:对公立医院医生执业行为的分析

如何对医生的执业行为实施有效的社会控制是职业社会学的一个重要问题。本文通过对我国城市医生的执业环境与执业行为的分析，指出医生仍然依附于占据医疗服务市场垄断地位的公立医院，丧失法团自主性的他们无法与国家就收入与服务补偿进行协商。但也正是由于垄断地位，公立医院及其医生获得了对患者和医药厂商的双向支配地位，可以便利地将处方权转换为经济利益。但与此同时，医生对临床自主性的这种滥用意味着卫生行政部门的监管、职业规范内化后的自律等社会控制方式的失败。本文认为，医生这一职业群体在医疗卫生政策制定过程中的参与、逐步开放医生的执业自由以及给予非公立医疗机构平等的地位与待遇等措施会使这些问题得到改观。     

Accomplishing Profession through Self‐Mockery

One influential sociological approach to profession has it that a profession is something constructed by social actors themselves and that this work is performed through the swapping of atrocity stories. While atrocity stories are an important resource for constructing profession, they are not the only ones available to social actors. In this article, I draw on field work in an academic engineering research laboratory to document how social actors use self‐mockery to construct profession. They do this in five ways, including through the use of background knowledge to interpret self‐mockery, by reserving self‐mockery for specific conditions separate from conditions where engineering knowledge is put on display, by maintaining a preference for self‐presentations that exclude self‐mockery toward the speaker's self during presentations in lab meetings and lectures in courses, through the selection of locally insignificant selves for mockery, and by assembling their own accounts of self‐mockery.     

Integrating welfare economics in social work curriculum: a Malaysian case

This paper makes a case for why welfare economics should be integrated and taught in social work courses, taking Malaysia a case in point. This is mainly a conceptual paper and secondary data are used to further support the arguments. Commencement of professional social work in Malaysia dates to 1946, to address the socio-economic problems of the Malaysians and migrants at that time. Social workers need a multi-pronged approach that is crucial to address the human problems that includes psychological, social, political, cultural and economic at micro and macro levels. Most of the problems referred to the social workers stem from poverty, unemployment, low access to material resources and corrupt governance practices coupled with unjust economic policies. Keeping in view the diverse economic needs and strengths of the clients referred to social workers, it is necessary that social workers are equipped with appropriate skills that include broader understanding about political economy. This paper argued that integration of welfare economics in the social work curricula is an urgent need considering the Malaysian economic development, austerity measures and the proactive role that social work as a human rights profession could play in the Malaysian society.     

The how and the why: Competences and holistic practice

Social work education and training in the UK was, in the 1990s, restructured on a competence-based model. Drawing on the literature and a survey of students from one Diploma in Social Work programme, this paper offers a critical appraisal of this approach to social work education, placing it in the context of opposing ideological frameworks. It reviews the strengths and limitations of the system and discusses some of the problems and dilemmas arising in training for work involving values conflicts and complex tasks. It argues that there is a need for a new synthesis drawn from the strengths of technical rationalism and holistic reflective practice.     

Science as a Strategy for Social Work

For more than one hundred years, various forms of science have been promoted to boost social work’s status as a profession. Evidence-based practice and talk about the science of social work are only the most recent manifestations of this pattern. Counter to this trend, this article argues that the latest upsurge of interest in scientific social work is no more likely than any of its predecessors to address the problems of the profession. Beginning with a linguistic analysis of the words science and scientific as positive signifiers, the article traces social work’s long history of science talk as a means of reassuring funding agencies and bolstering the profession’s status. Drawing on a critique of this discourse as the latest example of abstracted empiricism, it then contends that while scientific social work can only rarely capture what occurs in the field, its attempt to do so actually undercuts practitioners’ professional judgment and discretion. Last, after rejecting science talk as counterproductive, the article concludes with recommendations for an alternative strategy that might better position social work to reconcile its advocacy of social justice with its concerns about its professional status.     

Revisiting Eight Decades of Social Work Education in India

Social work education commenced in India in 1936 with the establishment of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. This paper examines the historical evolution of professional social work education in India. It also critically examines the growth of social work education, fieldwork practice, and social work as a profession in India to discern its limitations. Various alarming situations have hampered the growth of social work in India and as such the profession suffers a credibility problem. We offer recommendations for the growth and success of social work education in India.     

职校生就业指导浅谈

随着人才市场的逐步放开和劳动就业体制的改革 ,职业学校毕业生在享受自主择业权利的同时承受着极大的市场压力和风险。通过基本的职业和就业指导 ,帮助学生学会自我推销、培养自荐能力以及掌握必要的求职基本技巧是至关重要的     

论韩愈尊师重道的师道观

韩愈在继承前人尊师思想的基础上,从复兴儒家道统的立场出发,提倡尊师重道,并以“道”为中心,提出了自己系统的师道观。主张学必有师,师道相依,教学相长,并提出了教师的职责。从今天看来,韩愈倡导的尊师重道的思想是正确的,对于肯定和提高教师的地位和作用的积极意义是不容忽视的。     

综合性大学在医学相关类专业教育中的作用与对策

我国医学相关类专业教育始于上世纪80年代,目前存在总体招生规模小、专业分布不合理及学历分布不均衡的的问题。综合性大学在医学相关类教育中具有宏观引导、专业开发与技术支撑的作用,因此发展医学相关类教育必须在专业设置规划、提高教育层次和利用区域教育资源方面采取相应对策。     

从张季鸾与蒋介石的关系看记者职业的声誉风险

文章以张季鸾与蒋介石的关系为例，分析记者职业的声誉风险。指出记者对公众舆论有重要影 响，因此受到政治家的青睐；记者职业具有社会意义和价值，他们会在倍受瞩目的情况下卷入矛盾的旋 涡；新闻职业是涉足利害的职业，被利用会损害新闻单位的声誉。