对西部民族地区英语"一条龙"教学规划的几点思考

我国目前英语教学所花周期较长,效果相对校差,已成为外语界关注的重要课题。针对这一状况,西部地区英语教育更要以“西部开发”为契机,着眼于大、中、小英语教学的全部过程,探讨如何搞好民族地区英语教学的方法和路子。     

Identifying Latent Structures in Panel Data

This paper provides a novel mechanism for identifying and estimating latent group structures in panel data using penalized techniques. We consider both linear and nonlinear models where the regression coefficients are heterogeneous across groups but homogeneous within a group and the group membership is unknown. Two approaches are considered—penalized profile likelihood (PPL) estimation for the general nonlinear models without endogenous regressors, and penalized GMM (PGMM) estimation for linear models with endogeneity. In both cases, we develop a new variant of Lasso called classifier‐Lasso (C‐Lasso) that serves to shrink individual coefficients to the unknown group‐specific coefficients. C‐Lasso achieves simultaneous classification and consistent estimation in a single step and the classification exhibits the desirable property of uniform consistency. For PPL estimation, C‐Lasso also achieves the oracle property so that group‐specific parameter estimators are asymptotically equivalent to infeasible estimators that use individual group identity information. For PGMM estimation, the oracle property of C‐Lasso is preserved in some special cases. Simulations demonstrate good finite‐sample performance of the approach in both classification and estimation. Empirical applications to both linear and nonlinear models are presented.     

耕地红线的话语之争--可持续发展背后的争论及其思考

可持续发展已成为一种被普遍接纳的发展模式,但在具体的公共政策制定过程中,人们对于如何调整经济、社会、环境等各方面的关系、如何权衡不同目标的看法却强烈地受到认知框架和价值立场的影响,进而带来了可持续发展目标背后尖锐对立的政策争论。近年来引发社会热议的耕地红线问题就是一个典型的例子。从政策话语的视角,对耕地红线“存”“废”两派的观点进行分析,讨论了政策争论背后关于证据、故事诠释和认知图景上的分歧,进而认为,在可持续发展的宗旨背后,政策制定者面临着来自社会价值多元化以及人类认知复杂性的挑战,而打破话语霸权、促进不同话语之间平等、理性的审议协商是弥合分歧、构建共识的重要途径。     

政策过程中的群众路线研究

群众路线将党的组织与政策过程的合理性与合法性建立在党群、干部动态互动关系之中,由此形成了丰富的政策话语逻辑。在阶级斗争话语占主导的时期,群众运动作为一种主要的治国形式,在塑造政策过程中具有重要影响。在政策过程中,除了官僚体系网络,还存在基于复杂的干群互动、政治协商、群众参与所形成的动员协商网络。干部在政策执行过程中受群众路线的约束主要体现在结合执行工作自身特点形成有效的群众工作机制、立场与作风。     

中美快消品行业企业简介体裁对比分析

文章根据专门用途英语学派的体裁分析理论,构建了商务体裁研究理论框架,对30篇中美快消品行业企业简介进行了体裁对比分析。结果表明,中美快消品行业企业简介语步结构基本一致,但二者在语步和步骤的选择频率、介绍性语步和劝说性语步的实现形式上存在差异。      

灌装包装生产线效率评估系统的设计

针对国内一部分食品企业灌装包装生产线难以量化生产线效率的现状,提出了一套切实有效的生产线效率评估系统。通过评估设备速度V-曲线,以现代信息化技术为基础,提取出关键设备的停机记录,其中包含了停机的起始时间、终止时间、时长、分类、机台和原因等几大关键项内容,然后对内外部因素造成的各类时间损失进行准确量化评估,从而构建以总资产利用率、线毛产出率、设备综合利用率和线效率4项指标为衡量标准的一套生产线效率评估系统。本系统实现了灌装包装生产线数字化过程,整体透视出企业的综合管理能力、部门之间的协调配合能力、设备运行能力和故障处理能力。基于此数字化效率评估系统,可以分析停机成因,识别出影响生产线效率的核心要素,通过针对性的优化手段,达到提高效率的目的,实现降低成本和提高利润的业务目标。     

对太平天国婚姻家庭制度的剖析

婚姻家庭制度在太平天国颁发的一系列政策和法令中占有突出的地位,对其利弊进行实事求是的分析也就显得至关重要。该文拟就男女平等的主张、婚姻制度的改革、严别男行女行、封建婚姻陈规陋习的"回归",这四个方面进行剖析。     

The Experience-Earnings Profile: Productivity-Augmenting or Purely Contractual? Evidence from the UK

We test the human capital interpretation of the experience-earnings profile. Does the upward sloping portion of the experience-earnings profile reflect on-the-job training which in turn causes the experience-productivity profile to slope upwards, or do purely contractual factors determine the nature of life-cycle earnings. Herein, we provide additional evidence on the relationship between productivity and earnings by examining earnings differentials in the UK academic labor market for economists. Using a test first suggested by Mincer, we find that the empirical results are consistent with human capital theory. We find that, although the positive relationship between earnings and experience persists when individual productivity measures are included in the salary equations for lecturers and senior lecturers, the positive relationship becomes statistically insignificant when the same productivity measures are included in the salary equations for professors. For lecturers and senior lecturers, the experience-salary profile properly reflects the structure of the national pay scale rather than variations in individual research productivity. At the professor level, where individual salaries are not determined by a pay scale, the data support the human capital explanation of the positive experience-earnings profile.

Construction of Confidence Intervals for the IVIean of a Population Containing Many Zero Values

The likelihood ratio method is used to construct a confidence interval for a population mean when sampling from a population with certain characteristics found in many applications, such as auditing. Specifically, a sample taken from this type of population usually consists of a very large number of zero values, plus a small number of nonzero values that follow some continuous distribution. In this situation, the traditional confidence interval constructed for the population mean is known to be unreliable. This article derives confidence intervals based on the likelihood-ratio-test approach by assuming (1) a normal distribution (normal algorithm) and (2) an exponential distribution (exponential algorithm). Because the error population distribution is usually unknown, it is important to study the robustness of the proposed procedures. We perform an extensive simulation study to compare the percentage of confidence intervals containing the true population mean using the two proposed algorithms with the percentage obtained from the traditional method based on the central limit theorem. It is shown that the normal algorithm is the most robust procedure against many different distributional error assumptions.     

日军进攻中国第二条战线战略的形成及破产

2003年、2004年在曲靖市，2006年在昆明市分别发现了侵华日军绘制的云南地形图，这些地图佐证了日本进攻中国的第二条战线战略，即日军1942年5月占领云南滇西地区后，欲趁势扩大战果，谋图继续进攻滇中、滇东北，再从滇东北攻占重庆、成都，从而形成从西南进攻中国的第二条战线。由于日军兵力不足、太平洋战争失利等诸多原因导致其进攻中国的第二条战线战略破产。