Policy and practice: non‐governmental organisations and the health delivery system for displaced children in khartoum,Sudan

The civil war in Sudan and natural disasters have led to the displacement of many people of whom 2.2 million live in and around Khartoum, half of whom are under the age of 18. These children, living in barren, remote areas, must find ways to survive and meet their basic needs of food, shelter, health and education. This article focuses on the work of an international organisation working in health services for displaced people in one of the camps in Khartoum in order to argue the case for a rights‐based approach to health care, for separate provision of services to adolescent mothers, for education on sexual and reproductive health for children before they become sexually active, and for sexual and reproductive health services and education for adolescent boys and men. This article concentrates on health education, in particular sexual and reproductive rights and how gender‐based differences impact on the health and well‐being of children. By concentrating almost exclusively on pregnant and lactating women and children under five, the organisation may reduce the possibility of successful outcomes for women and may not contribute to the reduction of sexually transmitted diseases, early pregnancy and related morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工作自主性对知识型员工越轨创新行为与职业倦怠的影响研究——基于角色压力及组织自尊的作用

基于角色理论和内在动机理论,结合我国组织情境,探讨了工作自主性对知识型员工越轨创新和职业倦怠的影响机制,并选取329名知识型员工作为调研样本,对问卷收集到的匹配数据做层级回归分析来检验假设。结果显示：工作自主性与越轨创新显著正相关,与职业倦怠显著负相关;角色模糊对工作自主性与越轨创新的关系起部分中介作用,角色压力对工作自主性与职业倦怠的关系起完全中介作用;组织自尊在工作自主性对角色模糊和角色压力的影响过程中也分别具有调节效应。研究结果有助于厘清工作自主性对知识型员工越轨创新和职业倦怠的作用机理,同时对我国企业提升知识型员工创新绩效,抑制其职业倦怠现象的管理实践提供了理论依据和实证支持。     

台湾高校课程管理与改善机制的特点及启示

台湾高校对课程管理与改善机制的建设非常重视，具有课程决策机制较为健全、课程规划审定严谨、课程地图有效利用、 课程实施灵活开放、课程评价动态多维等特点，研究其理念精华及有效做法，将为转型中的大陆高校课程管理改革在树立正确 课程管理理念、建立科学的课程决策规则、改革传统课程设置模式、优化课程实施过程、改革课程评价制度等方面带来诸多启 示。     

自由贸易试验区建设、人力资本结构优化与出口产业升级

作为新时代深化改革开放的重要试验平台，自由贸易试验区能否有效促进出口产业升级，成为推进自贸试验区高质量发展和出口产业转型升级的一项重要议题。作者基于2007—2018年中国285个地级市面板数据，以自由贸易试验区建设为准自然实验，采用双重差分法评估自由贸易试验区建设对中国出口产业升级的影响，旨在考察自由贸易试验区建设能否通过人力资本结构优化有效推动出口产业升级，同时考虑技术水平、地理分布、“市—片区”布点、设立批次等城市异质性。研究结论表明：自由贸易试验区建设有效推动了中国出口产业升级，在开展严格的识别假设条件和稳健性检验后，实证结果仍然是稳健的；从影响机制看，自由贸易试验区通过人力资本结构优化推动出口产业升级；从城市异质性看，对于拥有高技术水平、地处东部地区以及“一市多片区”以及“长周期”的城市，其自由贸易试验区建设对出口产业升级的促进效应更强。文章的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面：在研究层次上，已有关于自由贸易试验区建设与产业结构升级之间关系的研究均停留在省级层面，忽略了城市在产业结构升级方面的异质性，而文章作者基于地级市面板数据，更为深入地考察自由贸易试验区建设对出口产业升级的影响，...     

Cost Efficiency Benchmarking for Operational Units with Multiple Cost Drivers

We consider the activity‐based costing situation, in which for each of several comparable operational units, multiple cost drivers generate a single cost pool. Our study focuses on published data from a set of property tax collection offices, called rates departments, for the London metropolitan area. We define what may be called benchmark or most efficient costs per unit of driver. A principle of maximum performance efficiency is proposed, and an approach to estimating the benchmark unit costs is derived from this principle. A validation approach for this estimation method is developed in terms of what we call normal‐like‐or‐better performance effectiveness. Application to longitudinal data on a single unit is briefly discussed. We also consider some implications for the more routine case when costs are disaggregated to subpools associated with individual cost drivers.     

长期护理保险制度试点的政策网络特征及推广路径优化——基于典型试点城市的政策文本分析

我国长期护理保险制度试点是一项复杂的系统性工程,试点地区存在相互影响与协同配合的网络关系,其网络特征和演进秩序对优化试点路径直至全面建制有重要的参考意义。在梳理试点城市颁布的政策文本基础上,运用社会网络分析法,量化分析了15个试点城市联结而成的政策网络。研究结果表明:随着时间推移,以政策工具为媒介所形成的整体网络密度逐渐加强;但网络凝聚力呈现由“弱—强—弱”的演化态势;试点城市的政策执行能力两极分化明显,并形成“核心—边缘”的网络权力结构。对此,尊重制度演进秩序与规律,构建政策网络协同治理体系,强化政策工具规范性建设,打造政府与市场多层次合作的建制路径,是我国长期护理保险制度由“点”及“面”推广的必然选择。     

社区养老：整合的养老服务体系

近年我国正面临着人口老龄化的挑战,本文在梳理社区概念的基础上,结合社区 养老服务的理念,根据国家养老目标要求,指出构建整合的“社区为本”的养老服务以及在该体系中各利益相关者的角色和定位.     

知识经济时代信息化人才培养的思考

深入剖析了知识经济时代发展对信息化人才培养提出的新要求以及信息化发展需要的人才类型.在此基础上,提出了作为人才培养重要基地的高校应转变传统教育思想,树立新的教育观念,努力培养知识经济时代信息化的创新人才.