政务公开在我国政治文明建设中的作用

政务公开可以为加强和改善党的领导提供有利条件,可以夯实社会主义民主建设的基础,也是实现依法治国方略的重要手段,从而构筑起一个坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国三者有机统一的平台,在我国政治文明建设中发挥重要作用。     

清代世爵世职承袭制度的几个问题

清代的世职承袭自天聪以降,一直存在着世袭罔替和按次承袭两种选择方式,清初决定两种方式选择的主要依据是天聪五年的功臣袭职例,这也一定程度导致了清初按次承袭的混乱,顺治年间虽有统一规定,但承袭方式不同的特色仍得以延续.承袭人的择取不似承袭方式混乱,却也经过了前后细微的变化.     

律师伪证罪对刑事辩护制度的挑战

刑法第306条作为专门针对律师在刑事诉讼执业活动中妨害证据行为的特别条款,给我国刑事辩护制度带来了极大的挑战,导致了律师在刑事辩护中的价值利益体系的失衡。因此,我们应修改刑法第306条,对其适用范围进行严格限制,进一步扩大律师的执业权利,加强律师同司法人员对话的可操作性,完善律师执业的制度保障,消除对律师的歧视规定,明确规定辩护律师在执业中正常活动不受干预。同时,加强律师自身的执业自律和风险防范方面的规范和意识教育。     

论政治文明与中国社会主义法治

现代政治文明体现为自由、平等、人权、民主、宪政、法治等重要的价值理念及其相关的制度安排.从文明的演进来看,通过法治促进和保障政治文明,是人类社会政治文明发展的基本规律和内在要求.在不同的文化背景下,各国法治发展的道路和法治的模式是不同的,必须同本国国情相结合.完善人民代表大会制、建立法治政府、尊重司法独立、执政党依法执政,是建设中国特色社会主义法治必须解决的几个基本问题.     

论宋元戏剧的脚色反串

宋元时期是我国古代戏剧真正形成的历史时期,伴随着脚色体系的建立,出现了脚色反串的有趣现象。这一时期的脚色反串,几乎涉及到有性别之分的所有脚色,而且女演员反串更为普遍,并明显呈现出开放式的姿态,从而有别于宋前演员在歌舞戏、科白戏中的性别反串以及明清时期大盛的“男旦”之风,形成独特的历史艺术风貌。宋元时期在勾栏瓦舍、广场路歧、内廷家乐中出现“脚色反串”有着历史和时代的双重原因。     

五代十国的流民问题

流民问题是古今中国的一大社会问题。五代十国时期是中国历史上一次大动荡、大分裂时期,农民流亡甚众,带来了许多社会问题。自唐末以来独霸一方的节度使,相互混战,许多农户被迫迁徙;加上天灾不断,加剧了农民的流亡。面对处于水深火热中的流民,开明的统治者采取了一些急救措施,开仓放粮,废除暴敛法令,减轻租赋,以纾民困,从而来挽救统治危机。统治阶级采取的措施,收到了一定的成效,但从整体上来看,收效甚微,流亡现象依然屡有发生。     

论审判独立与独立审判

西方各国的审判独立,即司法独立,主要体现于审判机关的体系独立、法官的审判独立、法院内部的审级独立、司法权的统一以及司法机关对立法、行政机关的制衡等五个方面.这五方面相辅相成,构成为一个完整的独立体系.与此相比,中国的独立审判则存在着司法机关的行政机关化、审判不独立、执法不均衡、司法不统一等问题.在推进中国法治国家建设的过程中,应创立社会主义制度下的权力制衡理论,推进司法独立,作为第一步,应提高法院在执政党内的地位.     

贯穿于陶诗的思想是生命思索

陶诗主题具有多义性,并可分为五大题材.然而其反映出的内在思想是对人生价值、意义和终极目的的认知和实践.因此可以说贯穿于陶诗的思想是生命思索,是人生实践中对儒、释、道思想的感悟和认识.     

Demystifying the Integrated Tail Probability Expectation Formula

ABSTRACT

Calculating the expected values of different types of random variables is a central topic in mathematical statistics. Targeted toward students and instructors in both introductory probability and statistics courses and graduate-level measure-theoretic probability courses, this pedagogical note casts light on a general expectation formula stated in terms of distribution and survival functions of random variables and discusses its educational merits. Often consigned to an end-of-chapter exercise in mathematical statistics textbooks with minimal discussion and presented under superfluous technical assumptions, this unconventional expectation formula provides an invaluable opportunity for students to appreciate the geometric meaning of expectations, which is overlooked in most undergraduate and graduate curricula, and serves as an efficient tool for the calculation of expected values that could be much more laborious by traditional means. For students’ benefit, this formula deserves a thorough in-class treatment in conjunction with the teaching of expectations. Besides clarifying some commonly held misconceptions and showing the pedagogical value of the expectation formula, this note offers guidance for instructors on teaching the formula taking the background of the target student group into account.     

Pool‐Point Distribution of Zero‐Inventory Products

We study zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery. The zero‐inventory production and distribution paradigm is supported in a variety of industries in which a product cannot be inventoried because of its short shelf life. The advantages of pool‐point (or hub‐and‐spoke) distribution, explored extensively in the literature, include the efficient use of transportation resources and effective day‐to‐day management of operations. The setting of our analysis is as follows: A production facility (plant) with a finite production rate distributes its single product, which cannot be inventoried, to several pool points. Each pool point may require multiple truckloads to satisfy its customers' demand. A third‐party logistics provider then transports the product to individual customers surrounding each pool point. The production rate can be increased up to a certain limit by incurring additional cost. The delivery of the product is done by identical trucks, each having limited capacity and non‐negligible traveling time between the plant and the pool points. Our objective is to coordinate the production and transportation operations so that the total cost of production and distribution is minimized, while respecting the product lifetime and the delivery capacity constraints. This study attempts to develop intuition into zero‐inventory production‐distribution systems under pool‐point delivery by considering several variants of the above setting. These include multiple trucks, a modifiable production rate, and alternative objectives. Using a combination of theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we gain insights into optimizing the total cost of a production‐delivery plan by understanding the trade‐off between production and transportation.