Not forgetting happiness: the tripartite model of disability and its application in literary criticism

This interdisciplinary article draws on the social sciences to posit a tripartite model from which literary research into disability can benefit. Ableism and disablism are defined by normative positivisms and non-normative negativisms respectively, but consideration is also given to non-normative positivisms. Informed by experiential knowledge, the model is illustrated with reference to a trilogy of literary representations of blindness: George Sava’s novel Happiness is Blind, Brian Friel’s play Molly Sweeney, and Stephen Kuusisto’s memoir Eavesdropping. The result is a complex reading that recognises problems but also non-normative renderings of happiness.     

基于扎根理论的中国企业克服外来者劣势的边界跨越策略研究

外来者劣势是新兴经济体跨国企业国际化过程中面临的显著劣势,现有理论在新兴经济体跨国企业如何克服外来者劣势研究方面存在缺口。选取4家中国跨国企业作为研究对象,采用扎根理论研究方法的三阶段编码程序对案例进行剖析,探索中国企业在发达国家克服外来者劣势的具体策略,构建以边界跨越为核心范畴的外来者劣势克服策略理论模型。研究结果表明,中国企业面临的外来者劣势主要来源于信息缺失和合法性缺失。边界跨越是克服外来者劣势的有效策略,其中信息内化通过设置边界跨越角色、聘请外部顾问、环境扫描、产品策略和信息内部整合等活动将外部环境信息传递到企业内部,提高企业获取异国环境信息的能力,降低不熟悉危害;有利的外部显示通过品牌营销、企业社会责任、名人效应和获取第三方认证等活动向环境释放积极的信息,提高企业的规范和认知合法性,降低歧视危害和关系危害。针对研究结论,从构建环境扫描系统和外部显示机制两方面对中国企业如何实施边界跨越、降低外来者劣势提出具体的管理启示。     

Measures of Association and Visualization of Log Odds Ratio Structure for a Two Way Contingency Table

The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association used for analysing an I × J contingency table. The total number of ORs to check grows with I and J. Several statistical methods have been developed for summarising them. These methods begin from two different starting points, the I × J contingency table and the two‐way table composed by the ORs. In this paper we focus our attention on the relationship between these methods and point out that, for an exhaustive analysis of association through log ORs, it is necessary to consider all the outcomes of these methods. We also introduce some new methodological and graphical features. In order to illustrate previously used methodologies, we consider a data table of the cross‐classification of the colour of eyes and hair of 5387 children from Scotland. We point out how, through the log OR analysis, it is possible to extract useful information about the association between variables.     

Strategic Intersectionality and Political Representation: Female Muslim Councilors in London

This article addresses questions of how race/ethnicity, gender, and religion influence political representation. We use original interview data to test a strategic intersectionality theory developed by Fraga and colleagues (2005) in the case of female Muslim councilors in London, the United Kingdom. The original strategic intersectionality theory proposes that women are more effective advocates for ethnic group interests due to their unique capacity to leverage three primary resources: a substantive policy focus, multiple identity advantage, and gender inclusive advantage. We modify the thesis by analyzing religion as an additional identity marker and further disaggregating the three primary sources of leverage. We use the modified thesis to test whether female Muslim councilors of three London boroughs are more effective advocates for Muslim interests than their non-Muslim colleagues. We find mixed evidence for the presence of the three sources of leverage associated with strategic intersectionality, resulting in a more complex theorizing of this phenomenon than that found in prior research. This study offers a new contribution to the operationalization of intersectionality and the literature on intersectionality and political representation.     

A Nonparametric Test Procedure Based on Quantiles for the Right Censored Data

In this study, we propose nonparametric tests using the several quantile statistics simultaneously for the right censored data. First of all, we consider statistics of the quadratic form with estimated covariance matrices. Then we derive the limiting distribution using the large sample approximation theory. Also we consider different forms of statistics such as the maximal and summing types with their limiting distributions. Then we illustrate our procedure with examples and compare performance among tests with empirical powers through a simulation study. Also we comment briefly on some interesting features including re-sampling methods as concluding remarks. Finally in Appendices, we provide proofs for the theoretic results needed for the derivation of the limiting distributions of the proposed test statistics.     

译诗话诗魂

诗意即译中之所失。”因此，译诗艰辛。１．理解阶段——准确把握诗意：诗意是诗的生命与灵魂。这是译诗的症结所在。诗精炼且多度，须慢咀细嚼以悟之。步骤有三：（１）吟读以知慨貌。（２）探索言外之意以把握深层内涵。（３）遁出现实，化入其境，译者变成诗中发言人，亲历其一切以把握诗意。２．表达阶段——忠实重现原作诗意。（１）先注重首要任务，忠实地再现诗意。这是译作成功与否的试金石。（２）提练整饰，使译作成为言简意赅的“音乐”。译者应精益求精，力争最大限度地理解并重现诗意。这是译诗成功的关键。     

Comments on Montague J. Lord's “distributional effects of international commodity price stabilization: Do the aggregate gains apply to individual producing countries?” [JPM 3:61–75 (1981)]

Lord discusses the impact of international commodity price stabilization on Latin American producing country export revenues. He correctly emphasizes that the directions and magnitudes of such effects may vary substantially across producers, depending on the degree of segmentation of the commodity markets and the nature and distribution of the shocks. However his potential contribution may be lost because of a number of inaccuracies, which I discuss under three general topics.     

International cooperation in stockpiles and tariffs for coping with oil supply disruptions

This paper provides a unified treatment of oil stockpiling and demand restraint as policy responses for enhancing energy security and examines the implications of recent changes in the structure and performance of the international oil market for the design of policies. These issues are addressed using a dynamic programming framework in which international policy actions of key oil-importing countries are modeled as a Nash dynamic game. Significant policy implications from the analysis include: (1) the result that, with realistic assumptions about disruption risks and inventory capacities, differences between noncooperative and coordinated stockpile policies appear to be minor and (2) significant mutual gains could be reaped from a modest degree of collective restraint on normal market oil demand. The broader role of international cooperation in enhancing energy security is also discussed.     

A model of the Canadian global exchange rate: A test of the 1970s

This comment points out some methodological weaknesses in the Canadian global exchange rate model and the associated efficiency tests of Marwah and Bodkin. The model is found to be inadequate for policy analysis.