信访制度下村干部的多重身份和生成逻辑

村干部因直接接触上访群体和落实信访政策而成为信访研究热点。多数研究文献对村干部的定位是上访事件筛选者,忽视了村干部在信访制度中的多重身份。在转型时期的信访制度下,村干部不仅是沟通“国家—社会”的双向代理人:既协助国家维持基层稳定又嵌入乡村社会关系网络中;而且可能成为上访制造者:或因侵害村民合法利益使自己成为信访事由,或因治理需求和私利驱动参与村民上访。这些都表现出信访场域中村干部的身份的复杂性,其生成与“国家—社会”的结构夹缝、信访制度的刚性和资源下乡的拐点密不可分,分析这三重逻辑有助于全面理解基层官员与制度运作之间的互动和乡村治理权力再生产的过程。     

基于不同法人治理结构的烤烟专业合作社绩效评价

利用陕西省安康、商洛和宝鸡3市38家烤烟专业合作社的调查数据,基于不同法人治理结构视角,运用层次分析法构建绩效评价指标体系对两种不同类型的烤烟专业合作社进行实证分析。研究结果表明:38家烤烟专业合作社可以根据法人治理结构的不同分为“外部委托代理人型”与“内部委托代理人型”两种类型。“外部委托代理人型”烤烟专业合作社在社员人数、理事会核心成员构成比例、股权集中程度及监督力度等法人治理结构方面具有明显的优势,在吸纳了更多的农户入社、提高烤烟专业合作社经济收益的同时,也保证了绝大多数农户在股权分配、民主决策参与及合作社监督等方面的权利。这有利于基层民主的完善,有利于显著提高烤烟专业合作社管理效率,从而提高农户整体烟叶生产水平。因此,改善法人治理结构是促进农民专业合作社发展的重要途径。     

联合国安理会首次扩大的缘起、历程及其启示

1965年生效的关于噌加联合国以安理会为主的主要机构成员的宪章修正案，是联合国宪章的首次修正，也是迄今为止安理会唯一一次成功的扩大，对安理会内部的权力均衡和运作机制产生了深远影响。同时，也为今天安理会的改革，如相关利益方有效的政策整合、广泛共识的达成、循序渐进的原则、大国应勇于承担国际责任以及对有利时机的把握等，提供了成功的经验。     

刑法第306条设置批判质疑

我国《刑法》在1997年修改之后，其第306条一直在法律界备受关注，该条规定从立法观念、特殊主体设置、条文拟制、司法平衡、审判实践及实施后果上都引起极大争议，尤其是律师界对此条规定意见颇多。在宪政背景下，公权机关仍然是公众权利的受托人或者代言人，对公权机关的无原则歧视或者攻击，就是对公民权利的另一种不尊重或者践踏。因为公权机关同样需要善待，一如公民权利需要善待一样。     

民事诉讼代理视野下的“草根律师”制度——以成都地区为例

民事诉讼代理制度作为现代民事诉讼制度中的一项重要制度，是法律面前人人平等原则的重要体现和保障。但是在我国农村劳动力向城镇转移、劳动纠纷增多的时代背景下，我国民事诉讼代理制度日益暴露出一系列的问题。课题组通过大量的实证调研，拟从民事诉讼代理制度的基础理论出发，结合我国目前农民工维权的实际，在理论上初步构建“来自于农民工，服务于农民工”的“草根律师”制度，解决有关农民工劳动纠纷案件中的诉讼代理难的相关问题。     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

无纸化条件下的证券法律关系分析

证券无纸化后,证券法律关系发生了很大的变化。无纸化条件下证券的主要法律关系可以概括为＂四方主体＋三大法律关系＂。投资人与发行人间的法律关系因持有模式的不同而相异;发行人、投资人与证券登记机构之间的法律关系分别为证券登记法律关系和证券存管法律关系,随着中央证券登记结算机构的出现,证券登记和证券存管逐渐趋同;投资人与证券经纪商（直接中介商）之间的关系总体上是一种民事代理关系,这些关系的具体内容由当事人之间的约定和有关法律法规等规范性文件的规定共同确定,具有约定性和法定性双重属性。     

Agency Problems between Managers and Employees in Nonprofit Organizations: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Most principal–agent literature of nonprofit organizations has focused on the relationship between board members and managers. However, in addition to the role as an agent of the board, the manager also performs a role as principal with respect to the nonprofit employees. By using a discrete choice experiment, we identify the objectives of managers and employees in nonprofit organizations and assess the presence of agency problems in this relationship. Our sample consists of 76 headmasters, 161 teachers, and 39 administrative employees in 74 secondary nonprofit schools in Belgium. We find that the six objectives set out in the experiment play an important role for both headmasters and subordinate staff. However, the results also indicate that some of these objectives are significantly more important for the headmasters. In sum, our results suggest that agency theory and stewardship theory are not necessarily in conflict with each other but can be combined into a more general governance framework for nonprofit organizations. Consequently, we argue that incentive structures that incorporate different types of objectives can facilitate the recruitment and retention of employees in nonprofit organizations.     

论"三个代表"思想在马克思主义党建史上的地位

"三个代表"思想,是中国共产党历史经验的科学总结,为党在新的历史时期加强自身建设指明了方向,是在新形势下坚持马克思主义党建学说基本原理的光辉典范,是马克思主义党建学说发展史上的新丰碑,具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义.     

怎样理解“三个代表”思想的科学内涵

本文认为 ,理解“三个代表”重要思想的科学内涵 ,必须站在建设中国特色社会主义 ,实现民族伟大复兴的高度 ,认真研读原著 ,全面、准确、深刻地把握其理论地位、基本内容、逻辑结构、理论源流、整体目标和创新的观点。