Knowing that you mimic me: the link between mimicry,awareness and liking

Mimicry pays off for a mimicker, and that mimickees are not aware of being influenced by mimicry. In this study, we investigated the link between mimicry, awareness and liking using a 2 (mimicry: yes/no) × 4 (awareness manipulation) experimental design. We found a main effect of mimicry (the confederate was liked more in the mimicry condition) and an interaction between mimicry and awareness. Awareness manipulation had a limited effect on the association between mimicry and liking. Providing participants with little or no information about mimicry (information not including any remarks about its consequences) had an effect on the association between mimicry and liking. However, when participants were informed about the interpersonal consequences of mimicry, mimicry did not influence liking.     

Predicting the timing of maternal employment after birth among a low-income and ethnically diverse sample

Policy pressures in the USA to transition parents from public assistance to work and concerns about the effects of early maternal employment on children highlight the importance of studying predictors of the timing of postpartum maternal employment. Little attention has been given to postpartum employment patterns of low-income ethnic minorities and immigrants, whose working conditions and employment prospects are different from white, middle-class mothers. Using a sample of low-income Mexicans, Dominicans, and African-Americans (N = 310), we studied whether and when mothers start working the first year following childbirth, and what factors promote or delay postpartum employment. Using discrete-time survival analysis, we modeled the odds of working at each month and tested the influence of family context, mothers' work and family values and plans, maternity leave benefit, and instrumental support availability on the timing of employment. By 11 months, half of the mothers had started working. Having maternity leave, plans to work, childcare arrangements, and a strong work orientation increased the odds of working. Household earnings were related to postpartum employment, but this effect varied over time. For African-Americans, instrumental support availability predicted earlier returns to employment, whereas for Mexicans and Dominicans it related to later returns to employment.     

中国人生活意识的觉醒

中国古人对生活的理解大致是两个层次,一是活命需求;一是体认天理。从形下到形上,由器物直悟天道。在这种文化形态中,日用器物不仅是消费品,也是非文本的伦理教本,致使生活方式高度伦理政治化。古代中国人生活方式与传统文化同构的这一形态,肇致生活方式的变迁,必然伴随传统文化结构的松动或解体。几乎成为中国社会从传统向近代转型中的通则。休闲在现代生活中愈来愈凸显其重要价值。古希腊思想家将休闲看作是哲学和科学诞生的条件,中国思想家也在清闲中思考万物之理,所不同的是思考的内容不一样。休闲在中国士大夫中成为立身处世的境界,发展了快乐人生。未来学预言,未来社会是"闲暇社会",闲暇问题愈来愈彰显其重要性,这是一个富有潜力的课题,值得思想史学者思考。     

语言意识教学模式中提高大学生口语的策略

随着时代的发展和社会需求的不断变化,对大学生的英语口语水平要求越来越高。然而,目前大多数大学生的英语水平,特别是口语交际能力还远远不能满足社会实践的要求。本文所探讨的语言意识教学模式对提高学生的口语水平有一定的帮助,并且能够逐渐让学生养成自主学习能力。     

谈大学新生思辨能力的缺失与对策

本文通过思辨能力的含义入手,探讨培养大学新生学习中思辨能力的相应对策。     

Evaluation of the mandatory construction induction training program in Western Australia: unanticipated consequences

Since January 1, 2007, Government legislation in Western Australia required all workers in construction to complete mandatory safety awareness training before they began work on site. During the implementation of this new legislation there was considerable resistance from the construction sector due to the mandatory nature of the training. The construction industry viewed this as an unnecessary impost as they considered that there was already sufficient safety training delivered through individual company and site inductions. In 2010, we evaluated the new Construction Induction Training (CIT) in the commercial construction sector in Western Australia to find that since 2007 there has been an unanticipated change in support for the mandatory training. The 2010 study shows a shift in the values of the safety culture for the commercial sector of the construction industry. In 2010, the industry not only supports the mandatory CIT, but is very vocal in its request to re-institute the refresher courses that were withdrawn in 2009. Indeed, 79% of respondents claimed there were measurable benefits to their business having their employees complete the CIT, while 96% claimed the CIT assisted in reducing accidents/incidents on their worksites. This 2010 study indicates that in this case, mandatory training has had a positive effect on safety culture change and gradually reduced work-related injury in the industry since 2007 to the present. The paper uses data from two studies conducted in 2006 and 2010 to highlight the unanticipated change in perception of the value of mandatory safety training in the WA construction industry to one which is positive and supportive.     

Are there domino effects between consumers' ordinary and ‘green’ practices? An analysis of quantitative data from a sensitisation campaign on personal carbon footprint

This paper studies how consumers' reported practices related to food, energy use in housing, daily mobility, and tourism are combined and structured. Social practice theories are the main theoretical framework of this research. Data are drawn from a sensitisation campaign run by the WWF-Belgium and the methods developed to attempt to translate the theoretical focus to practices. Results show that both the low number of ‘green’ practices reported and the multiplicity of combinations of practices indicate a rather important compartmentalisation of ‘green’ practices and seem to refute the hypothesis of vast domino effects in these four different areas. In addition, a wider openness to information on environmentally friendlier practices is associated with a larger number of such practices, which raises questions about the design of such campaigns. Finally, there is no conventionalised way of linking practices and commitments taken by the respondents to reduce their environmental impact. A few policy recommendations are derived for sensitisation campaigns that often assume domino effects between ‘green’ practices, and for tools dealing with personal carbon awareness.     

青少年公民意识培养主题探究模式

青少年公民意识培养的主题探究模式其目的在于开展青少年公民意识的实践研究,跟踪青少年公民实践活动过程及公民意识变化状况,通过实践引领学生经历“发现问题一选择主题一设计方案一躬身实践一整理成果一交流反思”的探究模式,其成效在于促进青少年公民意识的全面发展,践行了“学生为主体,教师为主导”的教育思想,有利于各种教育合力的形成并促使学生融入社会。     

Parent Involvement in Head Start and Children's Development: Indirect Effects Through Parenting

The authors examined the extent to which parent involvement in Head Start programs predicted changes in both parent and child outcomes over time, using a nationally representative sample of 1,020 three‐year‐old children over 3 waves of the Family and Child Experiences Survey. Center policies that promote involvement predicted greater parent involvement, and parents who were more involved in Head Start centers demonstrated increased cognitive stimulation and decreased spanking and controlling behaviors. In turn, these changes in parenting behaviors were associated with gains in children's academic and behavioral skills. These findings suggest that Head Start programs should do even more to facilitate parent involvement because it can serve as an important means for promoting both parent and child outcomes.     

苗族服饰与苗族自我认同意识——以清朝至民国时期的贵州苗族改装运动为中心

以贵州为中心,回顾从清朝到民国时期的苗族传统服饰所受的来自中央政权统治的影响,可以看出统治者所采取的改装政策,在不同程度上使苗族受到了一种来自“他者”的欺压,从而形成了一种荣辱与共的历史背景,强化了作为个体的苗族自我认同意识。而中华民国的诞生给苗族带来了更加复杂的外部环境。被卷入近代国家建构过程中的苗族,更深地陷入了对汉族的抵触感与不得不接受汉文化影响的无奈感的矛盾中。与此同时,新一代的苗族精英开始以超越地域局限的视角来思索自己的民族,提升其民族自豪感。“国家”、“苗族”、“不同地域的苗族支系”这样一种重层意识被强化,而苗族传统服饰的存在和变化加深了这种多重性的苗族自我认同意识。