Do Auction Parameters Affect Buyer Surplus in E‐Auctions for Procurement?

Although the initial euphoria about Internet‐enabled reverse auctions has given way to a cautious but widespread use of reverse auctions in business‐to‐business (B2B) procurement, there is a limited understanding of the effect of auction design parameters on buyer surplus. In this paper, we study the effect of bidding competition, information asymmetry, reserve price, bid decrement, auction duration, and bidder type on buyer surplus. We collected field data on more than 700 online procurement auctions conducted by a leading auctioneer and involving procurement items worth millions of dollars. Consistent with the predictions of auction theory, the results indicate that bidding competition, reserve price, and information sharing affect buyer surplus. Unlike previous findings in the consumer‐to‐consumer context, we find that bid decrement and auction duration have no effect in B2B procurement auctions. Our results suggest that use of the rank‐bidding format increases buyer surplus when incumbent suppliers participate in the auction. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings for future research and for optimal design of online procurement auctions.     

基于改进策略的混合型制造/再制造系统分析

在制造和再制造并存的混合型系统中,制造商需要同时协调新产品生产过程和旧产品再制造过程,这种双向物流的集成运作使得传统的生产规划和库存管理方式不再适用,如何构建一种有效的控制策略来协调生产过程和再制造过程就显得十分关键。本文在优化库存信息的基础上提出了一种适用于混合系统的改进策略,同时考虑到系统复杂性,主要采用控制理论中的传递函数技术构建了系统模型。仿真结果表明,本文提出的改进策略不仅可以有效协调新产品生产过程和旧产品再制造过程,而且还可以显著改善系统性能。     

随机需求条件下产品退货政策协调与优化

本文研究了随机需求条件下基于退货的单周期单一产品逆向供应链模型.首先,研究了集中决策条件下集成厂商的利润函数,并讨论了实现利润最大化的最优性条件及其最优订货量;其次,在分散决策条件下,分别研究了制造商和销售商的利润函数,并讨论了销售商的最优性条件及其最优订货量;最后,在集中决策和分散决策模型的基础上,重点研究了供应链的协调与优化,得出了实现供应链协调的基本条件和两者之间的利润分配机制.通过制定批发价格和退货价格来实现两者之间的增加利润的任意分配.     

上市公司破产重整中债权人利益保护的实证分析

新<破产法>构建重整制度后,上市公司成为了适用该制度的主要主体.破产重整虽以社会利益为首位,但仍应对债权人的利益加以平衡保护.本文以新<破产法>实施以来被法院裁定破产重整的26家上市公司为样本,通过实证分析指出,在买壳上市的模式下,债权人由于不能分享上市公司壳资源所带来的价值,其利益实际上是处于被忽视的地位.对此,应该修改现有的债权人重整利益是否合理的评价机制以实现对债权人利益的有效保护.     

Challenging a culture of racial equivalence

We live at a time when our understandings and conceptualizations of ‘racism’ are often highly imprecise, broad, and used to describe a wide range of racialized phenomena. In this article, I raise some important questions about how the term racism is used and understood in contemporary British society by drawing on some recent cases of alleged racism in football and politics, many of which have been played out via new media technologies. A broader understanding of racism, through the use of the term ‘racialization’, has been helpful in articulating a more nuanced and complex understanding of racial incidents, especially of people's (often ambivalent) beliefs and behaviours. However, the growing emphasis upon ‘racialization’ has led to a conceptualization of racism which increasingly involves multiple perpetrators, victims, and practices without enough consideration of how and why particular interactions and practices constitute racism as such. The trend toward a growing culture of racial equivalence is worrying, as it denudes the idea of racism of its historical basis, severity and power. These frequent and commonplace assertions of racism in the public sphere paradoxically end up trivializing and homogenizing quite different forms of racialized interactions. I conclude that we need to retain the term ‘racism’, but we need to differentiate more clearly between ‘racism’ (as an historical and structured system of domination) from the broader notion of ‘racialization’.     

An Experimental Investigation of Procurement Auctions with Asymmetric Sellers

Electronic reverse auctions are a commonly used procurement mechanism. Research to date has focused on suppliers who are ex ante symmetric in that their costs are drawn from a common distribution. However, in many cases, a seller's range of potential costs depends on their own operations, location, or economies of scale and scope. Thus, understanding how different bidder types impact auction outcomes is key when designing an auction. This study reports the results of the first controlled laboratory experiment designed to compare prices between first‐price and second‐price procurement auctions for homogeneous goods when seller cost types are asymmetric and the number of bidders varies. The results indicate that first‐price auctions generate lower prices regardless of market composition. The results also reveal that first‐price auctions are at least weakly more efficient than second‐price auctions despite the theoretical prediction that the reverse should hold in asymmetric auctions. Post hoc analysis of individual bidders' behavior in first‐price auctions revealed evidence that bidders systematically underbid when their cost realizations were close to the lower bound. Furthermore, bidders adjust their behavior based on the type of the other bidders in the market in a manner inconsistent with theory. Consequently, adding a third bidder to a two‐bidder market is not advantageous to the buyer unless that third bidder is a low‐cost type.     

试论卡夫卡小说的哲学意蕴

被称为“现代派文学鼻祖”的卡夫卡的小说以荒谬的、不合逻辑的、离奇曲折的结构 ,反映作者心目中的“异化了”的世界图像。在这个世界里 ,由于荒谬原则把事物颠倒为它的反面 ,使正义和法律绝对反常化 ,从而表现为秩序的颠倒 ;人处在一种不能以理性和逻辑去解释的荒诞的神秘的境地 ,人成了“非人” ,英雄变成了弱者 ;艺术也处在一种尴尬的境地 ,失去了本质 ,走向其自身的对立面。卡夫卡以独特的审美视觉 ,将其生命演绎成一部生存哲学著作 ,显示出一道形而上的哲学景观     

政治民主与政治参与的互动关系研究

资本主义国家虽然具有较为完善的政治参与机制,但这种存在并不必然意味着政治民主也是存在的,事实上政治参与和政治民主之间并不存在必然的联系,否则在西方资本主义国家存在政治参与的条件下,就不可能形成政治冷漠现象了。对于政治民主与政治参与的互动关系,可以从民主的政治基础辨析、政治参与是政治民主的表现形态、冲突系统与政治冷漠三方面进行研究。     

循环经济法制体系的建立对企业的法律影响力

新型的循环经济发展模式是企业的利润源泉,也是企业依法发展经济的必然选择。循环经济在给企业带来经济效益的同时,也带来了生态循环的理念。循环经济不但涉及到经济与生态环境两大系统,而且涉及到企业的竞争力,其显现出了自身的特点与积极因素。循环经济活动对企业的发展有着至关重要的法律影响力。     

关于自由曲面重建的一种新方法

现有自由曲面的重建与仿形制造是反求工程中的关键技术之一。本文根据模糊推理技术，提出了一种自由曲面的建模方法，并对其数控加工的插补算法进行了研究。该方法为解决自由曲面的仿形加工提供了一种新的途径。