方法论更新与当代文学批评的出路

文学批评环境的恶化以及批评者自身能力的弱化，都使当代文学批评陷入新的一轮危机。所谓的“纯文学”、“文学性”等批评标准，面对20世纪90年代以来尤其是新世纪以来的文学新生态，不再具有理论说服力和阐释的有效性。一方面，“纯文学”文学作品或文学姿态不再受宠，以“纯文学”、“文学性”批评标准所经典化了的“经典”遭到了不同程度的解构；另一方面，通俗文学、民间写作、打工文学、80后新性情写作、欲望叙事和身体写作。却有被重新“经典化”的可能。如何有效地阐释当代的文学新现实，强化批评的能力，这成为当代文学批评者和文学理论界面临的重要课题。对于当代文学批评，必须更新论述方法，放弃狭隘的“文学性”批评标准。采用“文化人类学”视野、“理解接受”理论、“交流对话”理论、中国传统文论中的“情本体论”观察视角来对待和阐释当代文学文化新生态。或许能给当代文学批评注入新的活力和生机。     

通信企业“三网融合”方案设计研究

随着经济和技术的发展，传统的业务服务已经不能满足人们的需求，“三网融合”已经成为网络业务发展的必然趋势。通过对“三网融合”国内外现状的研究，分析了当今“三网融合”面临的问题，结合通信企业的实际情况，提出采用分布式流媒体技术进行通信企业“三网融合”方案设计，并针对不同规模通信企业，提出了紧凑型组网、城域网本地组网、多级分布式组网三种组网方案。该“三网融合”设计方案可以有效地节省骨干网带宽、保证QoS，提高用户满意度，对各级通信企业搭建多媒体数据中心具有一定推广作用。     

管理者在校园风险管理中的职责和应掌握的策略

本文以风险管理中最为集中的教育行业为研究对象,对校园风险管理中的管理者应该具备和应掌握的策略进行剖析。     

On designing an acceptance sampling plan for the Pareto lifetime model

In this paper, the design of reliability sampling plans for the Pareto lifetime model under progressive Type-II right censoring is considered. Sampling plans are derived using the decision theoretic approach with a suitable loss or cost function that consists of sampling cost, rejection cost, and acceptance cost. The decision rule is based on the estimated reliability function. Plans are constructed within the Bayesian context using the natural conjugate prior. Simulations for evaluating the Bayes risk are carried out and the optimal sampling plans are reported for various sample sizes, observed number of failures and removal probabilities.     

Quantitative Risk Assessment of the New York State Operated West Valley Radioactive Waste Disposal Area

This article is based on a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) that was performed on a radioactive waste disposal area within the Western New York Nuclear Service Center in western New York State. The QRA results were instrumental in the decision by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority to support a strategy of in‐place management of the disposal area for another decade. The QRA methodology adopted for this first of a kind application was a scenario‐based approach in the framework of the triplet definition of risk (scenarios, likelihoods, consequences). The measure of risk is the frequency of occurrence of different levels of radiation dose to humans at prescribed locations. The risk from each scenario is determined by (1) the frequency of disruptive events or natural processes that cause a release of radioactive materials from the disposal area; (2) the physical form, quantity, and radionuclide content of the material that is released during each scenario; (3) distribution, dilution, and deposition of the released materials throughout the environment surrounding the disposal area; and (4) public exposure to the distributed material and the accumulated radiation dose from that exposure. The risks of the individual scenarios are assembled into a representation of the risk from the disposal area. In addition to quantifying the total risk to the public, the analysis ranks the importance of each contributing scenario, which facilitates taking corrective actions and implementing effective risk management. Perhaps most importantly, quantification of the uncertainties is an intrinsic part of the risk results. This approach to safety analysis has demonstrated many advantages of applying QRA principles to assessing the risk of facilities involving hazardous materials.     

Calibration of FI‐ISK,an Invasiveness Screening Tool for Nonnative Freshwater Invertebrates

The Freshwater Invertebrate Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FI‐ISK) is proposed as a screening tool for identifying potentially invasive freshwater invertebrates. FI‐ISK was adapted from the Fish Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FISK) of Copp, Garthwaite, and Gozlan, which is an adapted form of the Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) of Pheloung, Williams, and Halloy. Initial assessments using FI‐ISK, which include confidence (certainty/uncertainty) rankings by the assessor to each response, were calibrated to determine the most appropriate score thresholds for classifying nonnative species into low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk categories, using both the original medium‐to‐high risk threshold scores for the WRA (i.e., ≥6) and for FISK (i.e., ≥19). Patterns of the assessor's confidence, when making the responses during the FI‐ISK assessments, were also examined. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, FI‐ISK was shown to distinguish accurately (and with statistical confidence) between potentially invasive and noninvasive species of nonnative crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, Parastacidae), with the statistically appropriate threshold score for high‐risk species scores being ≥16. FI‐ISK represents a useful and viable tool to aid decision‐ and policymakers in assessing and classifying freshwater invertebrates according to their potential invasiveness.     

打破“沉默文化”提高大学生写作和口头演讲技能

这是在大学一年级ESL学生中利用交际课程进行合作学习方法的试验,此项实验根据学生的反馈得出结论。这项新方法的主要目标是鼓励学生共同学习,互相学习,自由表达各自的观点。通过面谈和问卷调查的方式记录了学生对于本实验的观点,结果证明学生喜欢这种新教学方法,而且发现它对学习很有帮助。只有少数学生保留意见。本文讨论了文化对教与学影响的思考结果以及对英语教学法和课程设计的启示。     

Acculturation,Ethnicity, and Air Pollution Perceptions

A globalizing world increases immigration between nations, raising the question of how acculturation (or its lack) of immigrants and their descendants to host societies affects risk perceptions. A survey of Paterson, New Jersey, residents tested acculturation's associations with attitudes to air pollution and its management, and knowledge of and self‐reported behaviors concerning air pollution. Linguistic and temporal proxy measures for acculturation were independent variables along with ethnicity, plus controls for gender, age, education, and income in multivariate analyses. About one‐fifth of contrasts between non‐Hispanic whites, non‐Hispanic blacks, English‐interviewed Hispanics, and Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics were statistically significant (Bonferroni‐corrected) and of medium or higher affect size, with most featuring the Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics. Knowledge variables featured the most significant differences. Specifically, Spanish‐interviewed Hispanics reported less concern, familiarity with pollution, recognition of high pollution, and vigorous outdoor activity, and greater belief that government overregulates pollution than English‐interviewed Hispanics (and than the other two groups on most of these variables too). English‐interviewed Hispanics did not differ from non‐Hispanic whites, but did on several variables from non‐Hispanic blacks. Temporal proxies of acculturation among the foreign‐born were far less significant, but concern and familiarity with air pollution increased with time spent in the United States, while belief in overregulation and a positive trend in New Jersey pollution increased with time in the nation of origin. Implications of these acculturation and ethnicity findings for risk perception/communication research and practice are discussed.     

REREADING THE PASSING OF TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

This paper employs a proposed alterity discourse analysis (ADA) framework to argue that The Passing of Traditional Society – the bible of the modernization paradigm of development communication research – exemplifies far less a discourse on the relationship between empathy and development, as it does on the political/ideological imperatives governing the construction of the Other (i.e. the Middle East) by the Self (i.e. the US). To substantiate this claim, the paper debunks the book's claim to social scientific objectivity by pinpointing the methodological shortcomings of the empathy model and of the Middle East project from which the model was derived, and highlights the paradigm's dogma by revealing the religious metaphors with which the book's narrative is infused.     

浅谈会计人员职业风险

随着经济的快速发展,会计工作越来越重要,会计信息越来越被广大投资者、债权人、企业管理者等会计信息使用者所重视,成为了他们进行宏观决策的重要依据。但同时,会计造假、会计信息失真的现象也越来越严重,几乎成为一种较为普遍的现象。这一问题损坏了会计人员的社会公众形象,更严重干扰了正常的社会经济秩序,损害了国家和社会公众利益。因此,加强会计职业道德建设,不断提高会计信息质量,才能提升会计人员职业价值。