Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Gambling

Few attempts have been made to incorporate evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives on gambling. This paper begins with the assumption that gambling represents a risky endeavor undertaken for the purpose of winning stakes. This assumption leads to the derivation from evolutionary theory of two hypotheses concerning the socio-demographic characteristics of gamblers: (1) gambling should be over-represented among males, and (2) among young adults. To test these hypotheses, data are drawn from three sources. A cross-cultural sample of 60 societies reveals that males are more often identified as gamblers than females, and these results do not appear to reflect reporting biases. The data are insufficient to enable conclusions about age patterns associated with gambling within this cross-cultural sample. Nationally representative studies of problem and pathological gamblers drawn from seven nation states show that such gamblers tend to be over-represented by young males, as predicted. Lastly, available demographic data on casino gambling hint at sex differences in the games played and the stakes wagered, but require further research for robust conclusions to be drawn.     

辽宁省农村居民消费存在问题、原因及对策

"十五"期间和未来十年是中国经济发展的重要时期,江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中指出"建设现代农业,发展农村经济,增加农民收入,是全面建设小康社会的重大任务".本研究利用近年来辽宁省农村居民生活消费资料和农村住户调查资料,系统地分析农村居民消费存在问题并剖析原因、提出政策建议.以期为政府部门了解农村居民消费状况,合理调整农业产业结构,增加农村居民收入,引导农村居民消费,促进农村经济持续、健康发展提供参考.     

乡镇财政困难对基层政权的影响

目前,我国大部分乡镇出现了财政收支矛盾尖锐、债务负担沉重的财政困难,从而导致乡镇政权功能退化,影响基层政权的正常运转,并引发政府信用危机和农村社会政治的不稳定。高度重视并积极解决乡镇财政困难对于基层政权建设和农村政治发展具有重要意义。     

高校党建工作必须围绕发展第一要务

论述了高校党建工作必须围绕发展第一要务是由中国共产党的性质、社会主义社会的主要矛盾和高等教育事业的属性决定的理论依据,结合实际阐释了高校党建工作围绕发展第一要务的基本途径和要处理好的几个关系。     

Uncertain identities and health-risking behaviour: the case of young people and smoking in late modernity

This paper argues that 'uncertain identities' are a distinct contributing factor to the residual and intractable level of smoking among young people. Further, it argues that the significance of this factor is increased by the specific social/historical context of late modernity. Findings from research with 15 to 16 year olds in the East Midlands of England are used to explore the role that smoking is perceived to play in constructing a self identity. A voluntaristic perspective is adopted on the use of tobacco, reflecting both the focus on young people's motivation to smoke and the tendency for many young people to perceive smoking as a matter of personal choice. Smoking was found to have a symbolic significance not only in terms of the presentation of self to others but also in terms of the reflexive construction of the self by those involved. The paper analyses the role of smoking in relation to self-image, self-empowerment and self-affirmation and it is concluded that for many young people smoking has certain benefits in terms of coping with uncertain identities.     

试论发展消费信贷及重点选择

消费信贷作为一项新兴银行业务 ,在我国发展有着极其重要的现实意义。消费信贷的主体是消费者和金融机构 ,政府则要做好行为规则的制定和实施工作。在消费信贷的重点选择上 ,农村以耐用消费品、文化教育等为重点 ,城市应以住房、教育、旅游等为重点 ,但其前提是要解决预期净收入下降 ,现期收入水平不高从而导致偿债能力不足与相应商品或服务需求显著增强的矛盾 ;解决问题的根本的出路是采取有力措施增加城乡居民的收入 ,完善各项配套制度。     

Association of educational level and child sex ratio in rural and urban India

Utilizing data from the Census of India, this study compared child sex ratio in rural and urban regions of India and analyzed whether the child sex ratio was associated with mother’s education level. The child sex ratios in the rural and urban regions throughout India were analyzed using the two-sample and paired Student’s t-test. Further, the Chi-square test for trend in binomial proportions was used to assess the association between child sex ratios and mother’s education levels in rural and urban areas. Analysis of the data showed that there was a significant difference between the child sex ratios in rural areas versus urban areas. In addition, the Chi-square test for trend showed that there was a significant association of the child sex ratio and the educational levels of their mothers. This trend occurred in both rural and urban areas.     

供应链物流客户服务水平的评价

为了科学地评价供应链物流客户服务水平,文章从交易前、交易中和交易后三个维度建立了供应链物流客户服务评价评价指标体系:然后运用DEMATAL方法对众多的观测指标进行了优化和降维.最后,在指标体系基础上,采用网络层次分析方法analytic networks process(ANP)对各评价指标的权重进行计算.     

河北省高校学生体育态度与体育消费行为的调查研究

运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法，通过对河北省高校学生体育态度、消费内容、消费水平等因素的调查分析，总结出高校学生体育消费的规律性，并提出了相应的建议。     

论系统科学方法与唯物辩证法

从系统科学方法的应用范围、普遍性程度及其使用的基本范畴来看,系统科学方法主要是一般科学方法。系统科学方法证实和丰富了唯物辩证法,为唯物辩证法进一步完善和发展创造了条件。唯物辩证法作为最根本的科学方法论体系,在正确地运用系统科学方法过程中,唯物辩证法起着不可忽视的指导作用。