Altruistic and Private Values For Saving Lives With an Oyster Consumption Safety Program

We use data from an Internet-based survey and estimate the benefits of an oyster consumption safety policy with the contingent valuation method. In addition to providing a context-specific estimate of willingness-to-pay for oyster safety, we consider an important issue in the contingent valuation mortality risk reduction literature. A number of studies find that willingness-to-pay for mortality risk reduction is not sensitive to the scope of the risk change. We present the scope test as a difference in the number of lives saved by the program, instead of small changes in risk, and find that referendum votes are responsive to scope. A third feature of this article is that we identify those at-risk respondents who would most benefit from the policy and decompose willingness-to-pay into use values and altruistic nonuse values. We find that willingness-to-pay per life saved ranges from $3.95 million to $7.69 million for the private good of lives saved when the respondent is at risk (i.e., use values). Willingness-to-pay per life saved including both use and altruistic nonuse values ranges from $6.89 million to $12.87 million.     

关于体育教学方法若干问题的探讨

从宏观角度探讨了体育教学方法的构成要素、分类及选择的依据与程序等问题 ,旨在为体育教学过程中更科学地选择与运用体育教学方法提供宏观的方法指导     

洗钱罪构成要件及防治对策

洗钱罪是对某些特定犯罪所得及其收益的性质和来源进行掩饰、隐瞒的犯罪行为。本文从洗钱罪的概念入手,分析洗钱罪的构成要件,探讨有效预防和打击洗钱犯罪的对策。     

Analytic Bayesian Solution of the Two-Stage Poisson-Type Problem in Probabilistic Risk Analysis

The basic purpose of probabilistic risk analysis is to make inferences about the probabilities of various postulated events, with an account of all relevant information such as prior knowledge and operating experience with the specific system under study, as well as experience with other similar systems. Estimation of the failure rate of a Poisson-type system leads to an especially simple Bayesian solution in closed form if the prior probability implied by the invariance properties of the problem is properly taken into account. This basic simplicity persists if a more realistic prior, representing order of magnitude knowledge of the rate parameter, is employed instead. Moreover, the more realistic prior allows direct incorporation of experience gained from other similar systems, without need to postulate a statistical model for an underlying ensemble. The analytic formalism is applied to actual nuclear reactor data.     

Attitudes towards safety performance on construction work: An investigation of public and private sector differences

This paper summarizes the results of a research project into the attitudes and behaviour relating to safety performance on construction work. Based upon the findings of a pilot study (Shimmin et al. 1981), the research had as its principal objective the investigation of previously observed differences in attitude and motivation between private-sector and public-sector employees. In particular, it had been found that the two groups differed in terms of their views on the locus of responsibility for safety and the cause of accidents: private-sector operatives displayed more of an internal attribution and public-sector operatives more of an external attribution. Additionally, the research examined the importance of such factors as working conditions, payment schemes and the social organization of work in relation to the structure of these attitudes.     

执政能力建设的X模型初探

建立执政能力建设的方向坐标为执政能力的子矢量明确方向规范,从而实现执政能力的最大化;作为已经执政的中国共产党,有效整合不同阶层群体利益,是执政能力建设的价值取向;以群众认同度作为衡量执政能力高低的标准,也是检验执政能力建设成败的科学标准。     

农用地的评价及合理利用的探讨

农用地的评价与利用的研究,是人口与土地矛盾发展的客观要求,内容包括:(1)农用地评价的方法、原则、步骤、项目与指标的选择;(2)农用地对特定作物的单因子限制性强度和综合适应度;(3)对农用地利用现状的合理性及投入产出效益进行评估;(4)制定新的农用地利用规划,并保证经济效益、总产出最佳,作出新利用方式的后效评价。文章还对目前存在于我国土地评价中的几个问题进行了讨论。     

多因素行为证券组合投资决策方法

在现有的行为证券组合理论中,所建立的行为证券组合投资决策模型仅具有理论价值,无法应用于组合投资管理实践;另外其求解算法过于复杂,以至于无法解决大规模行为组合投资决策问题。考虑到因素模型能将各种证券的收益和固定的几个因素的变化联系起来,引入了因素模型对已有的行为证券组合投资决策模型进行了简化,建立了多因素行为证券组合投资决策模型,给出了其算法。     

Nuclear Plant PRA: How Far Has It Come?

Nearly ten years have passed since the publication in August 1974 of the draft Reactor Safety Study (WASH 1400), the first detailed attempt to apply probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques to estimate the public risks posed by commercial nuclear power plants. Now is an opportune time to look back and see how PRA has fared over these ten years. We will not attempt to pass judgement on how the Reactor Safety Study report itself has withstood the test of time, as that task is best left to others less directly involved in preparing the report. Instead, we will examine advances in the understanding, acceptance, and utilization of PRA techniques, as well as technical advances in PRA methods. Some of the significant insights gained from PRAs will be discussed. Finally, some observations on the future of PRA will be offered.     

阻尼振动法估测分子直径

物质分子的大小通常约为10~(-8)厘米的数量级，要准确地测出一个分子的大小是非常困难的，需要有复杂的实验设备，本文介绍一种简便方法，对分子大小的数量级给出一个估计。