领导风格对员工知识隐藏行为的影响:心理安全感的中介效应和动机氛围的调节效用

企业知识隐藏行为会抑制创新与合作氛围,探究员工知识隐藏行为的诱因对企业团队氛围和价值实现具有重要意义。本研究基于社会交换理论,探索不同类型领导风格与员工知识隐藏行为之间的关系以及内在影响机制,具体包括:剖析谦卑型领导和辱虐型领导与员工知识隐藏行为之间的关系;探究员工心理安全感是否发挥中介作用;分析心理安全感与知识隐藏的关系是否受到不同类型团队动机氛围的调节影响。本研究通过对长三角地区某省的6家科技型公司共820名员工进行问卷调查,利用层次回归模型进行数据处理,结果显示:不同风格的领导行为对知识隐藏行为都产生影响,心理安全感发挥着重要的中介作用。具体而言,谦卑型领导通过心理安全感对知识隐藏行为产生负向影响,辱虐型领导通过心理安全感对知识隐藏行为产生正向影响。此外,动机氛围起到调节作用,其中绩效氛围正向调节员工心理安全感与其知识隐藏行为之间的关系,掌控氛围负向调节员工心理安全感与其知识隐藏行为之间的关系。本研究从领导力视角深化了对于员工知识隐藏行为诱因的认识,从情境视角为心理安全感和知识隐藏的关系构建了边界条件,进一步丰富了领导力、组织行为管理等理论;同时,本研究也为企业知识隐藏行为管理提供了一条清晰的解决思路。为了最大限度抑制知识隐藏行为,企业领导者需要多展示谦卑型的特质,对员工观点持开放态度,愿意吸纳和听取他人意见;要培养员工的心理安全感,让员工在知识分享中能够毫无顾忌;采用鼓励竞争的方式营造团队氛围,提升团队的绩效氛围等。未来将进一步采用多变量来源、多样化情境进行验证,将相关研究结论从中国科技型企业推广到其他研究情境中,从而提高研究结论的外部有效性。     

法治环境、融资约束和企业研发投入

创新是引领发展的第一动力,研发投入则是提升创新能力的必要条件。在我国推进全面依法治国的战略背景下,探索宏观制度环境与研发投入的关系具有重要意义。以2008—2019年A股上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了法治环境以及融资约束对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现:良好的法治环境能够促进企业研发投入,融资约束会抑制企业研发投入;良好的法治环境能够缓解融资约束对企业研发投入的负向影响。进一步研究表明,法治环境和融资约束对企业研发投入的上述影响以及法治环境缓解融资约束对企业研发投入的抑制效果,主要体现在探索式研发中。并且,法治环境的正向调节效应在非国有企业、制造业企业和东部地区企业中更加显著。因此,应深入推进简政放权和金融法治化改革,它有助于破除企业研发投入面临的融资约束,进而激发市场主体创新活力和潜力。     

高校实验室安全教育体系建设

实验室安全教育体系建设是当今高校实验室工作的重点,需要在方法和模式上加大探索与实践的力度。区别于宽泛的实验室管理,从明确高校实验室安全教育内涵及意义入手,分析总结国内外实验室安全教育现状。从培养目标、培养对象、配套教材、师资队伍、教学内容及方法、考核及评价六个方面构建适合高校校情、切实可行的实验室安全教育体系结构,确保提升高校实验室人员的安全意识,助其有效掌握必要的安全知识,以期为相关高校实验室安全教育提供参考。     

城市交通系统景观生态设计初探

分析了城市景观的主要特征和城市(城镇)交通景观的结构和功能。强调了城市景观的保护和规划管理。初步分析了城市交通廊道系统的景观生态功能。探讨了城市交通景观生态的设计原则。以江南水乡为例,分析讨论了几种城市交通景观生态设计模式。     

大功率晶体管的保护及应用

本文介绍了大功率晶体管的保护原理,大功率晶体管驱动保护集成电路ＵＡＡ４００２和霍尔传感器ＬＡ５０的功能和用法。     

Economics of Radiation Protection: Equity Considerations

In order to implement cost-benefit analysis of protective actions to reduce radiological exposures, one needs to attribute a monetary value to the avoided exposure. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has stressed the need to take into consideration not only the collective exposure to ionising radiation but also its dispersion in the population. In this paper, by using some well known and some recent results in the economics of uncertainty, we discuss how to integrate these recommendations in the valuation of the benefit of protection.     

Priority Setting for the Distribution of Localized Hazard Protection

We address the problem of distributing safety-enhancing devices across a region, where each identical device provides for only local protection of the population. The devices protect nonidentical sectors of the population. The sectors of population are exposed to nonidentical intensities of hazard. A method for the screening and prioritizing of needs for the protective devices is described. An approach of risk-benefit-cost analysis under uncertainty is recommended as follows. Measures of hazard intensity and population exposure are identified. Exogenous parameters that influence assessments of risks, benefits, and costs are identified. Uncertainties of the exogenous parameters are propagated by interval analysis. Several tiers of the plausibility of need for protection are identified. The tiers are useful in setting priorities for the distribution of the safety devices. The method is demonstrated in an engineering application to roadway lighting, but has implications for disaster preparedness, anti-terrorism, transportation safety, and other arenas of public safety.     

Industry and the environment: a case study of cleaner technologies in selected European countries

The aim of this case study is to discuss the role of technology in addressing environmental problems. The paper tries to scratch beneath the surface of the increasingly frequent ‘quick-fix’ solutions to the present environmental problems, based on such beguiling catchwords as Cleaner Technologies, Best Available Technologies, and Best Available Technologies Not Exceeding Excessive Costs, etc., in an attempt to discover whether there is any substance in them, or whether they are just full of hot air. Recent data from case studies performed by the author in Germany and Finland as well as a postal questionnaire in Denmark are presented. The paper analyses and discusses the roles and responsibilities of designers, industrialists, and government policy-makers. It is argued that existing regulatory regimes, supranational industrial structures, and market mechanisms do not favour the development of cleaner technologies, nor do they promote a reduction in consumption patterns. Evidence from ongoing empirical research in Northwest Europe suggests that industry is far from developing and/or implementing cleaner technologies. The paper closes with a discussion of some of the policy implications involved and some examples of urgently needed further research.     

中国西部风景河流的保护政策探析

通过分析我国西部流域开发中的不同争论,强调河流的审美功能也同样值得关注。在对美国《自然与风景河流法案》进行分析的基础上,认为有必要进一步促进公众的参与,通过加强流域总体规划,构建具有中国特色的风景河流保护体系,并形成统一的中国国家公园管理体系,这将有力促进西部可持续发展。     

美国、欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护比较研究

分别从计算机软件相关发明专利保护的立法、判例法的发展和演变、专利申请审查实践准则等方面出发,对美国和欧盟计算机软件相关发明的专利保护进行了对比分析,总结出两者现行司法和审查实践中的一致和分歧,以及各自的优劣,从而获得对中国的启示。