Outcry Consistency and Prosecutorial Decisions in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

This study examines the correlation between the consistency in a child’s sexual abuse outcry and the prosecutorial decision to accept or reject cases of child sexual abuse. Case-specific information was obtained from one Texas Children’s Advocacy Center on all cases from 2010 to 2013. After the needed deletion, the total number of cases included in the analysis was 309. An outcry was defined as a sexual abuse disclosure. Consistency was measured at both the forensic interview and the sexual assault exam. Logistic regression was used to evaluate whether a correlation existed between disclosure and prosecutorial decisions. Disclosure was statistically significant. Partial disclosure (disclosure at one point in time and denial at another) versus full disclosure (disclosure at two points in time) had a statistically significant odds ratio of 4.801. Implications are discussed, specifically, how the different disciplines involved in child protection should take advantage of the expertise of both forensic interviewers and forensic nurses to inform their decisions.     

Trust in the face of uncertainty: a qualitative study of intersubjective trust and risk

Contemporary trust research regards trust as a way of dealing with uncertainty and risk. Predominantly, it suggests that trust reduces uncertainty by means of risk assessment and rational calculation. However, phenomenological research proposes that trust is an alternative way of relating to uncertainty rather than a way to reduced uncertainty. This paper investigates these propositions in an interview study on intersubjective trust. The study focuses on the modes of uncertainty management employed in trust and risk, and particularly on how knowledge, experience, familiarity, and decision-making are combined in the act of trusting. The main finding is that trust and risk are better characterised as different ways of perceiving the social and managing uncertainty, than as different elements of the same decision process. The concept of ‘risk compartmentalisation’ is developed to describe the different ways people work to contain risk and maintain trust by combining adaptation and familiarity.     

英语电视访谈的功能文体特征

对电视新闻访谈的整体语篇结构特征进行归纳和概括，依据韩礼德系统功能语法理论对选取的英语电视访谈的对话部分的实例，从人际功能、经验功能、语篇功能三大纯理功能角度进行系统分析，并且对分析结果进行进一步的统计和阐释，从而归纳出以功能文体学为视角的英语电视访谈的文体特征。这些文体特征主要体现在语气、情态、及物性、主位结构和主位推进模式等方面。     

工程哲学的兴起与发展——李伯聪教授访谈

李伯聪，男，1941年生，河南省禹县人，是我国知名哲学家。现任中国科学院研究生院工程与社会研究中心副主任、教授、博士生导师，《自然辩证法研究》常务副主编，中国自然辩证法研究会学术工作委员会主任、工程哲学专业委员会副理事长。主要著作有：《人工论提纲》（1988年）、《高科技时代的符号世界》（1999年）、《工程哲学引论》（2002年）等。主要研究方向：工程哲学、科学哲学、跨学科工程研究。2008年6月10日下午，笔者就工程哲学的兴起与当前发展、我国研究工程哲学的特点、发展前景、有待开拓的新领域等方面的热点问题与李教授进行访谈，现整理成文，以飨读者。     

作为民族志的个人叙述——从一位昆人妇女的生活史谈起

从<尼萨>这部民族志出发,本文探讨了民族志写作以及与之相关的真实性、代表性、田野伦理和口述史资料整理等人类学理论和方法问题.     

华夏文明曙光的追寻者——沈长云教授访谈

沈长云，男，1944年生，著名历史学家。“无奴派”五家（黄现瑶、张广志、胡钟达、沈长云、晁福林）之一，否认中国历史经过奴隶社会，突破“五种生产方式”束缚。进一步“解放思想，实事求是”地研究了先秦的社会性质、土地制度、中国早期国家起源等问题，有很高的学术价值。2008年4月25日上午，笔者就沈教授的学术成就和目前研究方向等进行访谈，整理成文，以飨读者。     

Exploring Mobility in Public Environments among People with Cognitive Functional Limitations—Challenges and Implications for Planning

Abstract

Mobility in public environments is an important part of people’s everyday life. However, living with functional limitations often means limited mobility. To plan for public environments that enable mobility for everybody, knowledge about various user groups’ mobility is important. Up until now, knowledge concerning the mobility of people with cognitive functional limitations has been scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore, from experts’ perspectives, mobility in public environments among people with cognitive functional limitations (target group). The findings of focus group interviews with experts showed that the target group had to keep external and internal challenges at a manageable level in order to maintain mobility. The target group’s mobility is interpreted as depending on both the individuals’ cognitive capacity in relation to environmental demands as well as the motility of the members of the target group, i.e. how they form their opinions about their possibilities for mobility. Both those aspects are important for planners to consider in order keep the target group mobile.     

社会工作实务中初次访谈的建构

社会工作实务中初次访谈是建立专业关系、开展专业服务的基础,初次访谈的建构应以社会工作专业伦理和价值理念为基础,以专业理论和方法技巧为基石,坚持从以人为本、助人自助的价值选择出发,明确访谈的目标,做好访谈前准备,娴熟地运用技巧掌控访谈进程,构建有血有肉有灵魂的初次访谈体系。     

Informational Interview: Broadening Helping Field Professional Students’ Perception of Employment Opportunities in the Real World

Abstract

This study examines the impact of an informational interview assignment on students’ understanding of the human services field and their educational and career plans. Twenty-three students completed both questionnaires and open-ended questions in this study. Questionnaires were collected before and after the assignment to assess student’s knowledge, beliefs, attitudes of their major as well as a measurement of their confidence in their ability to succeed in the major; open-ended questions for student reflection were also collected after the assignment. Findings from the survey and open-ended questions suggest (a) the assignment was helpful for students to gain an understanding of the field, (b) students had an increase in a positive attitude toward the field, (c) the need to help students further clarify educational and career goals. Future research should encourage longitudinal studies of the effect of the informational interview on student’s educational and career plans.     

An Examination of the Attitudes Underlying Sexual Coercion Among Acquaintances

Summary

Analyses of rape-supportive attitudes, with few exceptions, have not included conceptual or operational definitions of attitudes, and analysts have not explicitly examined the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of attitudes toward rape. The purposes of the present article are to (a) use a social psychological framework for the analysis of attitudes toward rape and (b) examine the usefulness of distinguishing between the affective and cognitive components of attitudes toward rape. Three studies are presented. In Study 1, items from 14 published attitudes-toward-rape scales were categorized as affective, cognitive, or behavioral. Results revealed that 1.1% of the items were identified as behavioral; 52.2% of the items were categorized as cognitive and 46.7% as affective. Secondary analyes of published data revealed the respondents reported more disagreement with affectively-based rape attitude items than cogintively-based rape attitude items. In study 2, we further examined the distinction between affective and cognitive components of attitudes using Burt'S (1980) Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Data collected from college men confirmed the affective-cognitive distinction. Furthermore, affectively-based attitudes, but not cognitively-based attitudes, were correlated with level of self-reported sexual coercion. In Study 3, we compared affective and cognitive components using a factor-analytically derived attitude measure. These analyses replicated the findings from Study 2. Together, these results support the importance of attending to the separate components of attitudes. In particular, the affective component of attitudes toward rape may have more predictive utility than the cognitive component.