单位犯罪主体的认定

法人犯罪问题在我国尚属一个较为年轻的理论。1997年新修订的刑法典正式的在总则与分则中规定了单位犯罪之后,我国刑法理论界对单位犯罪问题的研究才算真正开始。随着我国市场经济的快速发展,单位犯罪必然会呈现出与自然人犯罪并驾齐驱的局面,甚至会有过之而无不及。     

The unit extended Weibull families of distributions and its applications

In this paper, two new general families of distributions supported on the unit interval are introduced. The proposed families include several known models as special cases and define at least twenty (each one) new special models. Since the list of well-being indicators may include several double bounded random variables, the applicability for modeling those is the major practical motivation for introducing the distributions on those families. We propose a parametrization of the new families in terms of the median and develop a shiny application to provide interactive density shape illustrations for some special cases. Various properties of the introduced families are studied. Some special models in the new families are discussed. In particular, the complementary unit Weibull distribution is studied in some detail. The method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters is discussed. An extensive Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to evaluate the performances of these estimators in finite samples. Applications to the literacy rate in Brazilian and Colombian municipalities illustrate the usefulness of the two new families for modeling well-being indicators.     

BCN非晶电性的实验研究

以六方BN和石墨粉为原料,通过机械球磨的方法制备出非晶BCN粉,在1470 K,10-5Torr的条件下,对非晶BCN粉进行烧结,获得了块状非晶BCN化合物,对其电导率测量的结果表明在从室温到560K范围内,它属于半导体,能隙为0.11ev,在560K～740 K内,它属于半金属.     

Empirical Limits for Time Series Econometric Models

This paper characterizes empirically achievable limits for time series econometric modeling and forecasting. The approach involves the concept of minimal information loss in time series regression and the paper shows how to derive bounds that delimit the proximity of empirical measures to the true probability measure (the DGP) in models that are of econometric interest. The approach utilizes joint probability measures over the combined space of parameters and observables and the results apply for models with stationary, integrated, and cointegrated data. A theorem due to Rissanen is extended so that it applies directly to probabilities about the relative likelihood (rather than averages), a new way of proving results of the Rissanen type is demonstrated, and the Rissanen theory is extended to nonstationary time series with unit roots, near unit roots, and cointegration of unknown order. The corresponding bound for the minimal information loss in empirical work is shown not to be a constant, in general, but to be proportional to the logarithm of the determinant of the (possibility stochastic) Fisher–information matrix. In fact, the bound that determines proximity to the DGP is generally path dependent, and it depends specifically on the type as well as the number of regressors. For practical purposes, the proximity bound has the asymptotic form (K/2)log n, where K is a new dimensionality factor that depends on the nature of the data as well as the number of parameters in the model. When ‘good’ model selection principles are employed in modeling time series data, we are able to show that our proximity bound quantifies empirical limits even in situations where the models may be incorrectly specified. One of the main implications of the new result is that time trends are more costly than stochastic trends, which are more costly in turn than stationary regressors in achieving proximity to the true density. Thus, in a very real sense and quantifiable manner, the DGP is more elusive when there is nonstationarity in the data. The implications for prediction are explored and a second proximity theorem is given, which provides a bound that measures how close feasible predictors can come to the optimal predictor. Again, the bound has the asymptotic form (K/2)log n, showing that forecasting trends is fundamentally more difficult than forecasting stationary time series, even when the correct form of the model for the trends is known.     

Estimation When a Parameter is on a Boundary

This paper establishes the asymptotic distribution of an extremum estimator when the true parameter lies on the boundary of the parameter space. The boundary may be linear, curved, and/or kinked. Typically the asymptotic distribution is a function of a multivariate normal distribution in models without stochastic trends and a function of a multivariate Brownian motion in models with stochastic trends. The results apply to a wide variety of estimators and models. Examples treated in the paper are: (i) quasi-ML estimation of a random coefficients regression model with some coefficient variances equal to zero and (ii) LS estimation of an augmented Dickey-Fuller regression with unit root and time trend parameters on the boundary of the parameter space.     

完整的知识产权归属制度的确立——论科学技术进步法与知识产权法的结合

2007 年修订的《科学技术进步法》关于国家资助科研项目的知识产权归属有重要修改，它与其他知识产权法一起构建了我国完整、系统的知识产权归属制度，包括知识产权归属于国家、知识产权归属于单位、知识产权归属于个人三种情形。这样的制度明确了国家、单位和个人之间利益的划分，有利于在保障国家利益前提下激发科研单位、 人员的积极性；但在可操作性方面，新《科学技术进步法》还有需要细化的地方。     

新阶段全球半导体供应链重构及其思考

半导体攸关国家安危，百年未有之大变局中的诸多因素诱发第四次全球半导体供应链重构。梳理了前三次全球半导体供应链重构的过程，并基于系统动力学、演化经济学等理论构建了产品—企业—区域—全球(PERG)分析框架，探讨了第四次全球半导体供应链重构的原因及趋势。虽然中国大陆半导体产品和企业实力与美欧日韩及中国台湾地区具有很大差距，但全球影响力已上升为全球第二梯队。第四次全球半导体供应链重构由美国主导，但中国大陆将成为第四次全球半导体供应链重构的核心力量。中国大陆应做好半导体产业发展的长期规划，发挥新型举国体制和现代市场机制的作用，从PERG四个方面全面发力提升自身实力，稳定半导体领域外资和台资，持续推动本土替代，深度嵌入美欧日韩及中国台湾地区的全球半导体供应链。     

Complexity as a Contract Design Factor: A Human‐to‐Human Experimental Study

Despite being theoretically suboptimal, simpler contracts (such as price‐only contracts and quantity discount contracts with limited number of price blocks) are commonly preferred in practice. Thus, exploring the tension between theory and practice regarding complexity and performance in contract design is especially relevant. Using human subject experiments, Kalkancı et al. (2011) showed that such simpler contracts perform effectively for a supplier interacting with a computerized buyer under asymmetric demand information. We use a similar set of experiments with the modification that a human supplier interacts with a human buyer. We show that human interactions strengthen the supplier's preference for simpler contracts. We find that suppliers have fairness concerns even when they interact with computerized buyers. These fairness concerns tend to be even stronger when suppliers interact with human buyers, particularly when the complexity of the contract is low. We also find that suppliers are more prone to random decision errors (i.e., bounded rationality) when interacting with human buyers. In the absence of social preferences, Kalkancı et al. identified reinforcement and bounded rationality as key biases that impact suppliers' decisions. In human‐to‐human experiments, we find evidence for social preference effects. However, these effects may be secondary to bounded rationality.     

Subsampling Intervals in Autoregressive Models with Linear Time Trend

A new method is proposed for constructing confidence intervals in autoregressive models with linear time trend. Interest focuses on the sum of the autoregressive coefficients because this parameter provides a useful scalar measure of the long‐run persistence properties of an economic time series. Since the type of the limiting distribution of the corresponding OLS estimator, as well as the rate of its convergence, depend in a discontinuous fashion upon whether the true parameter is less than one or equal to one (that is, trend‐stationary case or unit root case), the construction of confidence intervals is notoriously difficult. The crux of our method is to recompute the OLS estimator on smaller blocks of the observed data, according to the general subsampling idea of Politis and Romano (1994a), although some extensions of the standard theory are needed. The method is more general than previous approaches in that it works for arbitrary parameter values, but also because it allows the innovations to be a martingale difference sequence rather than i.i.d. Some simulation studies examine the finite sample performance.