灵魂深处的拷问与自救--心理学视野中的"设论"体

心理学视野中的"设论"体,具有超越文体本身的文化内蕴,它并非一般意义上的问对体,而是中国古代文人内心苦闷与自救的精神载体."客主问对"的结构形式,从心理本质而言是内心矛盾双方的对话;现实的"合理化"、谐谑,以及道、佛的渗入则是心灵自救的具体方式.     

Improved Approximation for Breakpoint Graph Decomposition and Sorting by Reversals

Sorting by Reversals (SBR) is one of the most widely studied models of genome rearrangements in computational molecular biology. At present, is the best known approximation ratio achievable in polynomial time for SBR. A very closely related problem, called Breakpoint Graph Decomposition (BGD), calls for a largest collection of edge disjoint cycles in a suitably-defined graph. It has been shown that for almost all instances SBR is equivalent to BGD, in the sense that any solution of the latter corresponds to a solution of the former having the same value. In this paper, we show how to improve the approximation ratio achievable in polynomial time for BGD, from the previously known to for any > 0. Combined with the results in (Caprara, Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, vol. 3, pp. 149–182, 1999b), this yields the same approximation guarantee for n! – O((n – 5)!) out of the n! instances of SBR on permutations with n elements. Our result uses the best known approximation algorithms for Stable Set on graphs with maximum degree 4 as well as for Set Packing where the maximum size of a set is 6. Any improvement in the ratio achieved by these approximation algorithms will yield an automatic improvement of our result.     

"编译原理"课程的教学探索

"编译原理"课程由于其理论难度及目前本科学生中普遍存在的各种思想误区,造成难以取得理想的教学效果.针对这一现状,从如何提高学习热情,利用形象化教学手段使抽象理论具体化,合理组织实验及课程设计内容等方面入手,提出了相应对策.     

抽象集的一组结论

以集论与空间为基点，导出证明有关铀象集的一组结论。     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

“多元整合”程序教法在球类教学中的运用研究

通过教学试验，研究了“多元整合”程序教法在球类教学中的运用效果，结果表明：“多元整合”程序教法以整合练习带单项技术，符合球类技术的掌握规律和学生的学习心理。     

非线性板方程组对称

本文中利用作者提出的计算微分方程对称的特征列集算法和编制的程序包，给出了（各向异性）非线性板方程组的全部古典对称     

一般信息系统的PoClustering与概念格

传统聚类方法生成的子集,一般来说都是不相交的.而严格的不相交分类结构,不能充分表现象本体这样的事物间丰富的类关系.在基因本体中,类与子类既不是简单的树也不是格结构,而是一个有向非循环图,其任何子女都可能有多个父结点.PoClustering是相异数据的一种无损聚类方法,概念格则反映了数据的对象和属性的对应关系.采用了PoClustering方法,在保持尽量多的信息的前提下建立一般数据集(信息系统)的属性确定下的概念化分类,讨论了它的算法,从概念格的角度研究了这种类的结构特征.     

Reducing differences between profiles of weights: A “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation

This paper deals with the selection of the profiles of weights to be used in cross-efficiency evaluations. In an attempt to prevent unrealistic weighting schemes, one of the issues of main interest that we address here is that of the zero weights, since their use implies that some of the variables considered are excluded from the assessments to be made. In the calculation of cross-efficiency scores, we propose to ignore the profiles of weights of the DMUs that cannot make a choice of non-zero weights among their alternate optima. The different units are therefore assessed in a peer-evaluation that does not consider the profiles of weights of some inefficient DMUs. This approach is referred to as “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation. Aside from avoiding zero weights, the choice of weights that we make also seeks to reduce the differences between the weights profiles selected as much as possible. Thus, in the “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation in the present paper we also try to avoid that the different DMUs attach very different weights to the same variable. Finally, we extend this approach to derive a common set of weights by exploiting the idea of similarity between profiles of weights.     

实验室工作定量评价

针对实验室工作各指标量纲不统一,较难定量度量的情况.笔者力图采用集对分析,给定一指标优值,将被评人员各指标连同其量纲与指标优值直接比较定量评价,以合理、全面反映实验室工作的质与量.使分配更能体现多劳多得的原则,进一步词动实验室人员的工作积极性.