网络购物消费者权益保障

在网络购物这种特殊的买卖关系中,经营者与消费者之间的权利义务关系与传统购物产生了极大区别。需明确网络购物中消费者权益,保障该消费群体的利益。     

Emergency departments and street-involved youth: factors influencing utilization

Homeless youth often have untreated health problems and experience barriers to care. Existing evidence suggests that homeless youth use emergency departments (EDs) more frequently than other youth. We hypothesized that street youth with access to primary care services would be less likely to utilize EDs for health care. Data were drawn from a study of housing security and changes to it over time among 150 youth (16–20 years) recruited from service agencies for street-involved youth. Our findings show that those with access to primary care were actually more likely to use the ED, suggesting that access may encourage further engagement with the health care system. Findings support the need to better understand why access to primary care increases ED use and what could be done to change this pattern.     

城市基层治理的结构调适及其反思——以黄石市街道体制改革为样本

街道作为城市基层政府及行政管理的末端,街道体制改革实质是我国城市基层治理结构和治理能力建设问题。本文在梳理学界关于街道体制的争论及其有待澄清的地方的基础上,以湖北省黄石市街道体制的改革为例,讨论改革的源起与作为,发现其改革的效果并不乐观,但在后续的改革政策中,也在逐步调整。对街道体制改革进行思考,撤销街道办的改革应坚持推进大部门体制改革,逐步规范社区组织架构,完善社区治理结构等等。在城市基层治理体制改革的实践中,对于是否撤销街道办事处,更要探索适合本地实际的改革方法,真正做到因地渐进改革。     

微信购物模式下消费者权益保护的困境与破局

微信购物已经突破其社交工具的初始功能,演变成为一种流行的购物模式.由于微信购物区别于传统的网络购物,具有其自身的一些特殊性,也使得消费者权益的保护呈现出自身的特殊性.在分析微信购物与传统网络购物区别的基础上,针对微信购物中消费者权益受侵害的原因,对如何完善微信购物模式下消费者权益的保护提出了一些可供借鉴的建议.     

网络标价错误下网络购物合同成立之判断

网络标价错误事件的频发引起了判断网络购物合同成立与否的探讨.网络商发布的出售商品信息的法律性质成为认定网络购物合同成立与否的关键.学界存在三种学说:要约邀请说、要约说以及根据交易的性质和网上登载信息的意图来认定该信息是要约或要约邀请.鉴于我国法律对错误制度一般规则规定有所不足的背景,以规制合同成立为突破口,平衡网络商与购买方的利益,是我国目前处理网络标价错误纠纷的较优路径.除网络商明确声明受其发布的出售商品信息的约束外,该信息的法律性质认定为要约邀请更为合理.网页信息属于要约时,购买人的订购下单行为即为承诺,双方合同成立;若网页信息属于要约邀请,则买受人的订购下单行为属于要约,而网络商对订单的接受即为承诺,双方合同始能成立.     

Socio-demographics,implicit attitudes,explicit attitudes,and sustainable consumption in supermarket shopping

The aim of this research is to examine whether socio-demographics, implicit and explicit attitudes towards the environment predict sustainable consumer behaviour, measured using supermarket loyalty card data. The article uses an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and Likert scales to gauge implicit and explicit attitudes towards sustainable consumption in a real consumer sample, and measures demographic characteristics of participants. Results indicate that level of education is a key predictor of an aggregate measure of sustainable consumption, with a small part of this influence mediated by level of explicit environmental concern for climate change. Econometric modelling shows that explicit and implicit attitudes influence consumer decisions differently in specific food categories. Results, obtained with real consumer data, call into question the accepted socio-demographic profile of the green consumer and help identify conditions under which pro-environmental attitudes predict sustainable consumption.     

Economic Crisis and Migration

This article develops a perspective on African migrant integration, reflecting on the ‘visualization’ of migrant experience. It formulates some considerations on how integration of migrants can be captured, drawing on empirical material from street photography in modern-day Greece. The main research question concerns the role of visual images as sites for the construction and depiction of social difference. In that sense, their meaning goes beyond their content and they act as visual representations of discourses. The paper addresses this issue through a focus on local aspects of integration of sub-Saharan African migrants in the city centre of Athens. Specifically it looks at three themes related to discourses on migrant integration in today's economic crisis: (1) the physical and social environment of marginalization, (2) the migrant body and (3) the fear of the migrant. On the basis of the findings a synthesis is attempted of several parallel existing representations in discourses about African migration. The synthesis betrays the ongoing struggle between, on the one hand, the dominant structures that the state creates to deal with their presence and, on the other, the migrant strategies for adaptation and inclusion, which in turn sustain the mechanisms and form integration takes in this context.     

The Globality of Whiteness in Post-Racial Visual Culture

This essay examines the spatial contours of post-racial visual culture. It argues that the ‘post-racial’ names the conditions under which racism operates flexibly within and beyond the logics of the colour line, while routinely disavowing its properly racial character through the symbolic deployment of multicultural humanitarianism. Even as it works through the figure of the ‘post-racial’ to bracket an engagement with the racialized rationale for the ‘nongeneralizability of human value’, the current US racial order has renovated the social structures that shore up whiteness as the privileged form humanity takes. The essay's point of departure is the iconic HOPE poster, produced by Shepard Fairey in 2008. It locates the poster's public display within a visual field subjected to neoliberal processes central to the constitution of a post-racial whiteness. It identifies two key moments in these processes. The first moment abstracts historical practices of materialist antiracism, such that racism becomes visualized as a manifestly individual subjective affair. In the second moment, post-racial visual culture repackages the visual logic of racial reference by displacing anti-black racism into morally benevolent categories suitable for humanitarian intervention, whose additional dematerialization is propped up by its migration to a digital terrain. To make this argument, the essay first offers a genealogy of the HOPE poster as it emerges from street art practices of commodity activism that obscure the structures of racial capitalism. It then treats the poster's central role in the ‘KONY 2012’ campaign, which redeployed this abstraction to recode the power of sight as a privileged form of US humanitarian violence. It concludes by considering the refusals by activists in the Occupy Wall Street movement to countenance a revised HOPE poster, even as the post-racial figure of ‘the protestor’ was lauded in corporate media.     

基于PHP的网上购物系统的设计与实现

以网上购物系统为例,介绍了Linux系统环境下使用PHP,MySQL开发B2C模式电子商务系统的方法。