Auditing biochemical research data: A case study

There is little documentation in the literature of how to conduct a data audit of laboratory research. The purpose of such an audit is to verify the extent to which the published data agree with the corresponding laboratory notebook data and whether the data thus examined appear to be sufficient to justify the published conclusions. A case study is presented, which demonstrates a step by step approach towards conducting a data audit of a published research study.     

也谈简体字

在政治更迭、文化变迁的大叙事中，小小的文字变化最能体现大时代的风貌。古有始皇帝威权下的“书同文”，今有上世纪五十年代初旨在“汉字拉丁化”的“文字简化运动”。简化字与繁体字争议的背后，是政治激进主义与文化保守主义的思想交锋，或者说是中华历史文化断裂与传承的别一选择。周清泉先生关于“汉字简化方案”实施中的管见，因于当时话语权被肆意剥夺而无处表达，本刊编发该文，一是提供关于汉字简化的反思与总结，二是彰显学人发表独立见解的历史进步。     

General m-esttmators and applications to bounded influence estimation for non-linear regression

In this paper, we study the M-estimators in the case that λ_F:(β)=E_F:(φ(Z,β))=0 has more than one solution, We show that the numerical iterative procedures converge and that the resulting estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. We apply them to the non-linear regression models, and then, we find an optimal M-estimate among those that have bounded gross error sensitivity.     

东汉镜铭的省体字

省体字是正字的简省字体,有简省部件和简省笔画.省体字作为东汉镜铭最常见的书写形态,表现出了丰富多样的省体特征,同时与汉代隶变关系密切,既反映了汉代篆书向隶书演变的进程,又受到汉代隶变和草书的影响与渗透.镜铭省体字的形成一方面受到隶变与东汉用字混乱,缺少规范的影响,另一方面又与东汉私人铸镜繁荣,民间镜工文化水平不高直接相关.     

On Calculations Involving the Maximum Cell Frequency

We describe a method of computing the cumulative distribution function of the maximum and minimum cell frequencies in sampling distributions commonly encountered in the analysis of categorical data.The procedure is efficient for exact or approximate calculation in both homogeneous and non-homogeneous cases, is non-recursive, and does not require Dirichlet integrals.Some related statistical problems are also discussed.     

Siting Noxious Facilities: A Test of the Facility Siting Credo

Over the past decade it has become increasingly difficult to site noxious facilities, despite the fact that there is a growing need to do so. To address this problem, a set of guidelines for a fairer, wiser, and more workable siting process—the Facility Siting Credo—was developed during a National Facility Siting Workshop in 1990. This paper presents an empirical test of these guidelines. A questionnaire based on the Credo was completed by stakeholders in 29 waste facility siting cases, both successful and unsuccessful, across the United States and Canada. Using an independent determination of outcome (success), a preliminary ranking of the importance of various Credo principles was obtained. The data reveal that establishing trust between the developer and host community is an important factor in facilitating the siting process. The siting process is most likely to be successful when the community perceives the facility design to be appropriate and to satisfy its needs. Public participation also is seen to be an important process variable, particularly if it encourages a view that the facility best meets community needs. Moreover, a siting process where communities volunteer to host facilities is an approach that holds promise for meeting many of these key success criteria.     

Global and multiple test procedures using ordered p-values—a review

This paper reviews global and multiple tests for the combination ofn hypotheses using the orderedp-values of then individual tests. In 1987, Röhmel and Streitberg presented a general method to construct global level α tests based on orderedp-values when there exists no prior knowledge regarding the joint distribution of the corresponding test statistics. In the case of independent test statistics, construction of global tests is available by means of recursive formulae presented by Bicher (1989), Kornatz (1994) and Finner and Roters (1994). Multiple test procedures can be developed by applying the closed test principle using these global tests as building blocks. Liu (1996) proposed representing closed tests by means of “critical matrices” which contain the critical values of the global tests. Within the framework of these theoretical concepts, well-known global tests and multiple test procedures are classified and the relationships between the different tests are characterised.     

"书同文"的昨天、今天和明天

从汉字“书同文”的历史发展着眼 ,从总结汉字“书同文”的历史经验入手 ,结合当前汉字应用的实际 ,展望 2 1世纪中华民族在新时期实现“书同文”的前景 ,并探讨我们应采取的对策。     

异体字("重文")漫议

<说文>的异体字("重文")和现代异体字有着错综复杂的对应关系.就现代异体字情况看,它与繁简字、古今字、通假字、分化字、错讹字、新旧字形等多种文字现象有关涉.异体字是有历史层次的,应从历史发展的观点看待异体字.从研读古籍和文字使用方面看,应分清全同异体字和部分异体字.从整理异体字角度看,<说文>是历史上第一次对异体字进行了大规模的整理,开创了历史的先例,给我们很多有益的启示.     

Pro-social behavior in the TV show “Come Dine With Me”: An empirical investigation

We investigate the influence of social approval, reputation, and individual characteristics on voting behavior in the German version of the TV show “Come Dine With Me”. Five contestants prepare a dinner for each other during the course of a week and evaluate each other’s performance. The winner receives a monetary prize. Evaluations remain concealed until the show is broadcast. Because actual voting behavior remains concealed during the show, a contestant could evaluate his/her opponents as zero in an effort to increase his/her own chances of winning, without risking later punishment in the form of low scores. However, this behavior is not observed in our dataset, which runs from 2006 to 2011. We find that all of the following have a significant influence on the evaluating behavior: the objective sophistication of a meal; the order of cooking; whether a person has already cooked; and the social similarity between contestant and evaluator. These findings help to improve understanding of the impact that reputation and social approval have on economic decision making.