从学科教学知识到标志性教学法:高校新任教师专业发展的有效途径

学科教学知识(PCK)和标志性教学法是舒尔曼提出的两个核心概念。学科教学知识注重教师个人的专业发展,而标志性教学法则注重学科专业知识、技能和优秀教师经验的传承。高校新任教师在入职后通常直接进入课堂实施教学,缺乏专业发展和提升教学技能的机会。标志性教学法可以帮助高校新任教师深化对专业知识结构的认识,丰富教师的学科教学知识,弥补高校新任教师在教学技能和教学方法上的短板。在此理论框架下,以英属哥伦比亚大学土地与食品系统学院的助教专业发展项目为例,通过明确和"外化"可持续发展食品系统专业的标志性教学法,从设计、实施和评估等方面探寻促进助教专业发展的有效途径。研究结果表明,以标志性教学法的使用和反思为主要内容的专业发展项目,强调标志性教学法的核心理念,能够以教学实践为中心,赋能助教,在不过多占用课外时间的情况下增进助教对学生学习困难的了解,提高其教学技能,增强助教与任课教师间的合作意识,促进学科专业知识与标志性教学方法的结合,最终达到丰富和完善学科教学知识、提高教学技能、促进教师专业发展的目的。通过建立和加强学科教学知识与标志性教学法的联系,为高校新任教师专业发展提供了新的实践路径。     

Informing employees in small and medium-sized firms about training: Results of a randomized field experiment

We mailed brochures to 10,000 randomly chosen employed German workers who were eligible for a subsidized occupational training program called WeGebAU, informing them about the importance of skills-upgrading training in general and about WeGebAU in particular. Using survey and register data, we estimate effects of the informational brochure on awareness of the program, on take-up of WeGebAU and other training, and on subsequent employment. The brochure more than doubles awareness of the program. There are no effects on WeGebAU take-up, but participation in other (unsubsidized) training increases among employees aged under 45. Short-term labor market outcomes are not affected.     

学术英语口语和写作技能训练对学生专业学习的影响

通过调查西交利物浦大学的学术英语教学，探讨其口语和写作技能的培养模式对学生专业学习所产生的影响。该校各科专业采用全英文授课，并为学生开设两年的学术英语必修课程。参与调查的有大一到大四的学生，也有部分专业任课教师，研究方法包括问卷和访谈。从参与者的反馈发现，学生在学术英语课堂中有较多的口语和写作训练，口语和学术写作的各项技能得到显著提高，批判性思维、学习技能和综合技能也都显著提高，这些技能对学生的全英文专业学习有较大帮助。基于研究结果，对学术英语口语和写作训练提出建议。     

Child and Youth Coaching in families experiencing complex and multiple problems: A longitudinal evaluation study

Studies investigating services for families experiencing complex and multiple problems have emphasized the need for more child-centred support. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether providing child-centred services (Child and Youth Coaching) combined with family-focused services (Ten for the Future) is effective for children growing up in families experiencing complex and multiple problems. Children's psychosocial skills, emotional and behavioural problems, and the quality of their pedagogical environment were measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Parent and coach reports of children indicated for Child and Youth Coaching (n = 57) and nonindicated children (n = 18) were analysed using repeated measures multilevel models. Both parents and coaches reported improved psychosocial skills of children, but changes were only significant for coach reports. In both reports, no significant decrease in emotional and behavioural problems was observed for both indicated and nonindicated children. Many children still experienced considerable problems at case closure. Furthermore, no significant improvement in quality of the pedagogical environment was observed in both groups. Given the limitations in this study, more research is needed to identify whether these findings can be replicated and attributed to the Child and Youth Coaching and Ten for the Future programmes.