显示问题式教材编纂法构想

传统的教材编纂法属于＂显示完美式教材编纂法＂,力求显示教材已将相应领域的问题都圆满解决,对于其中存在的问题不有意加以显示,甚至有意加以掩藏,故无法激发学生的创新意识、创新能力,甚或对创新有抑制作用。应采用＂显示问题式教材编纂法＂,力求将相应领域存在的各种问题显示出来,使学生产生创新的意念,明了创新的着力点,从而有力地促进学生创新能力的提高。     

新型水泥混凝土路面修补材料的研究现状与展望

通过对水泥混凝土路面损坏原因的分析，阐述路面修补材料的性能要求，说明路面修补材料在国内外 的研究现状及存在的问题，提出新型水泥混凝土路面修补材料的发展方向．     

Fragments of Modernization: Domestic Spaces Indicating Traditional Dialects in a Modern Speech

This article examines the change in Turkish domestic space through modernization and, in particular, the artifact of lace, as a nonchanging object in Turkish home in its relationship with the “traditional” and the “modern” domestic settings. Thereby it investigates how traditional and modern settings are defined in Turkish society and, this leads to a further analysis of the modernization process in Turkey within the scope of Turkish house and its domestic settings. The aim of the article is to analyze lace as an agent, which is an actant of the change in domestic settings, to read the connection between the daily life of people and social lives of artifacts. Therefore, examining the dialogue of lace with traditional and modern domestic settings provides to deconstruct the network of the artifact, the house and the individual during the modernization process that Turkish society has been through. The theoretical perspective of the article relies on a material‐semiotic approach with an emphasis on Latour's Actor‐Network Theory and, the methodology of the article is based on ethnography: It includes observations and semi‐structured interviews conducted with people from different social environments focusing on the meaning and the use of lace in domestic environment.     

智联产品服务供应链研发运维多阶段联合优化与协调

在智联化和服务化背景下,智能产品服务系统成为制造企业转型升级的重要方向。产品的“智能”和“互联”特性给供应链中的产品和服务都带来了新的变化。考虑产品的“智能”和“互联”对产品、服务的需求和成本的影响,构建了供应链两阶段动态博弈模型。刻画了分散决策和集中决策下供应链的最优运作行为,基于产品收益和服务收益提出了“双元收益共享”的供应链协调机制。通过算例分析,探讨了“服务化”、“智能互联”与“双元收益共享”契约对供应链利润的影响。研究表明,智联产品供应链中融入智能服务,不总是能增加供应链利润,存在“服务化悖论”;当产品智联化后,智能互联特性加强了产品与服务的融合,使供应链各方的利润都有较大提高;“双元收益共享”契约不仅能实现供应链Pareto改进,还能提高消费者剩余。     

Planners' Perspectives on Obstacles to Sustainable Urban Development: Implications for Transformative Planning Strategies

A major problem confronting planning is the gap between transformative proposals and enduring urban development trends. The paper interprets interviews with 62 planners involved in a sustainable urban development strategy in a large region focussed on Toronto, Canada. Surveyed planners were asked about the obstacles they encounter when attempting to modify prevailing urban development. Mentioned obstacles are consistent with expectations arising from three major perspectives on inertia: institutionalism, political economy and path dependence. Interviews also highlight the role of planners' practical knowledge in identifying and interpreting obstacles, and the existence of a consensus among respondents over sustainable urban development.     

Setups and effective capacity: the impact of lot sizing techniques in an MRP environment

This study investigates how lot sizing techniques influence the profit performance, inventory level, and order lardiness of an assembly job shop controlled by MRP. Four single-level lot sizing techniques are compared by simulation analysis under two levels of master schedule instability and two levels of end item demand. A second analysis investigates the influence of a multilevel lot sizing technique, the generalized constrained-K (GCK) cost modification, on the four single-level techniques at low demand and low nervousness. The analyses reveal a previously unreported phenomenon. Given the same inventory costs, the single-level lot sizing techniques generate substantially different average batch sizes. The lot sizing techniques maintain the following order of increasing average batch size (and decreasing total setup time):

economic order quantity (EOQ)

period order quantity (POQ)

least total cost (LTC)

Silver-Meal heuristic (SML)

The causes for different average batch sizes among the lot sizing techniques are analysed and explained. Demand lumpiness, inherent in multilevel manufacturing systems controlled by MRP, is found to be a major factor. The number of setups each lot sizing technique generates is the primary determinant of profit performance, inventory level, and order tardiness. EOQ, a fixed order quantity technique, is less sensitive to nervousness than the discrete lot sizing techniques. EOQ_, however, generates the smallest average batch size, and, therefore, the most setups. Since setups consume capacity, EOQ, is more sensitive to higher demand. SML generates the largest average batch sizes, and is, therefore, less sensitive to increased demand. At low demand, the other lot sizing techniques perform better on all criteria. They generate smaller batches and, therefore, shorter actual lead times. The GCK cost modification increases the average batch size generated by each lot sizing technique. GCK improves the profit and customer service level of EOQ the lot sizing technique with the smallest batches. GCK causes the other lot sizing techniques to generate excessively large batches and, therefore, excessively long actual lead times.     

An evaluation of the tandem configuration automated guided vehicle system

The performance of a tandem automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is compared with that of conventional AGV track systems. In the tandem system the track is divided into non-overlapping, single-vehicle closed loops. Using simulation it is shown that, because of trips requiring delivery across loops, the tandem system has a higher expected travel time per load and thus a greater average time in system. When the loads are delivered within the original loop only, the tandem system has a lower average time in system than in conventional systems, although the difference is modest. Track layout appears to influence the average time in system much more than docs the dispatching rule invoked. The success of the tandem system is highly dependent on approximately even AGV utilization, which may be difficult to obtain in practice.     

An integrated modelling approach for raw material management in a steel mill

An integrated modelling approach combining optimisation models with simulation is proposed for coordinated raw material management at steel works throughout the whole supply chain management process. The integrated model is composed of three components: ship scheduling, yard operation simulation and material blending models. The ship scheduling model determines which brands, how much and when they should be arrived, and the problem is modelled as mixed integer linear programming. The simulation model is used to simulate the whole processes from ships’ arrivals to the retrieval of the materials through the berthing and unloading the raw materials. Finally, the raw material blending model is developed for determining the brand and quantity of raw materials to be used. The proposed integrated modelling approach for raw material management has been successfully implemented and applied at steelwork to provide shipping schedules and predict future inventory levels at stock yards. By coordinating all the activities throughout the entire raw material supply chain management process, this article proposes an integrated approach to the problem and suggests a guideline by the appropriate simplification. The quantitative nature of the optimisation model and simulation facilitates an assessment of the risk factors in the supply chain, leading to an evaluation of a wide variety of scenarios and the development of multiple contingency plans. Further research is expected to supplement the ship scheduling models with heuristics for the idiosyncratic constraints of maritime transportation.     

对《反杜林论》中世界的物质统一性证明问题的理解

世界的物质统一性原理不仅需要自然科学证明 ,而且需要哲学证明 ,只有马克思主义哲学才是科学的世界观和方法论 ,因此 ,唯有马克思主义哲学才是世界物质统一性的科学的哲学证明     

方向 素质 教材——对当前语文教学改革问题的几点思考

语文教学改革的主要目标是适应现代化建设的需要 ,全面提高学生的语文素质。语文素质以语文能力为核心 ,以语文知识、生活体验和文化教养为基础 ,以思想品德、思维品质、审美情趣为指导 ,形成一个完整的统一体。要提高语文教学的效率 ,必须加大语文教材改革力度 ,特别要抓住要害 ,在教材体系的改革上狠下功夫