Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

水资源跨流域配置的经济学分析

由于我国水资源空间分布不均匀的突出特点 ,大型跨流域调水工程已经成为我国国民经济可持续发展的重要支撑。文章从水资源的经济特点出发 ,结合南水北调中线工程 ,对水资源跨流域配置的市场供求、成本收益等资源经济学问题进行了分析 ,并对社会主义市场经济条件下水资源跨流域配置的利益分配机制进行了探讨     

在传统的祭坛上——《白鹿原》女性形象评析

陈忠实的<白鹿原>是我国当代长篇小说创作中不可多得的含义深刻的作品,它体现了作者对传统道德文化回归的深切渴望,但同时又流露出作者对传统道德伦理的矛盾心态.小说中田小蛾等女性形象的塑造正是这种矛盾心态的体现,作品一方面表现她们在伦理道德束缚之下的不幸命运,一方面又以传统的道德伦理为准绳来审视和评判她们,使她们成为回归传统、重塑道德的理所当然的牺牲品.     

《云韶集》与陈廷焯初期的词学思想

陈廷焯学习填词,经历了一个由喜写艳词到崇尚醇雅的过程,接受了朱彝尊以雅为尚的审美观念,还仿照《词综》的体例编选了一部历代词选———《云韶集》,但在宗南宗北及师法对象等方面修正了浙派词学过于偏激的提法,这正是他后期词学立场转变的一个重要的内在契机。     

论1938年英日关于中国海关问题的非法协定

19世纪中叶以后,中国海关即处于英国为首的西方列强控制下,成为它们侵略中国的重要工具之一,关税也逐渐成为外债和赔款的担保品。对于英帝国主义长期把持中国海关大权,日本帝国主义久怀觊觎之心,在发动全面对华侵略以后,就对海关税款展开劫夺。1938年5月,英日签订《关于中国海关问题的协定》,它是在完全把中国排除在外的情况下签订的,给中国的抗日战争带来深重灾难,极大地鼓励了日本的侵略野心,此后更加变本加厉地侵略中国和英国在远东的利益。     

论《诗经·国风》的民歌性--民谣之体,教化之用

从正反两方面来论证《诗经.国风》的民歌性,首先根据民歌的涵义,从乐调、艺术形式和内容三个角度说明“国风”符合民歌的特点;然后从反面的“非民歌说”的观点出发,解释国风虽用于周政权“化南”的政治目的,但其体仍为民谣。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

城市世俗生活的透视与观照——论王安忆的都市小说

面对城市的喧嚣与动荡,王安忆以一颗平常的心,真切地书写市民阶层的苦与乐、悲与哀。在多元化文学大潮的冲撞下,她坚决地抵制了媚俗化,敏感而诚挚地关注个体生命的生存体验。对于城市世俗生活,王安忆形成了自己的独到见解。同时,作为一名女作家,王安忆的小说也不可避免地有着女性的知觉与意识,女性在作家的文本中有着突出的份额,而且往往成为王安忆城市叙述的“代言人”。     

在线评论的行为影响与价值应用研究综述

随着社交网络的发展,大量用户生成的在线评论影响着消费者的行为,同时被应用于企业的经营管理活动,引起市场营销、信息系统、产品开发等领域学者们的广泛关注,取得很大的研究进展。但是在线评论的研究范围广泛,目前并没有系统性的概念框架,缺乏对在线评论的全局认识。因此,本文尝试从行为影响和价值应用两个层面对在线评论研究文献进行全面总结,并结合当前的技术发展和市场环境,探讨在线评论研究的未来趋势。     

企业社会责任对供应链减排决策及政府补贴效率的影响研究

为了探讨零售商企业社会责任(CSR)对供应链减排决策及政府补贴效率的影响,构建了包含政府决策者的三阶段博弈模型。通过对均衡结果的分析表明：(1)随着零售商CSR实施水平的增强,制造商的减排程度、制造商的利润和社会福利将提高,但对零售商的利润和供应链整体利润的影响还取决于制造商减排努力系数的大小。(2)政府补贴可以提高制造商的减排程度和渠道成员的利润。而零售商CSR实施水平的增强能够改善政府单位补贴效率,使得政府补贴促进制造商减排和利润提升的效果更显著。当零售商CSR实施水平较低时,CSR实施水平的增强同样会导致政府补贴对零售商利润的提升效果更为显著。此外,本文设计了一种二部定价-成本分担契约,证明了该契约可以实现供应链协调。在此基础上,将研究扩展到制造商实施CSR的情形及政府新目标的情形,通过理论及数值分析,详细探讨了CSR行为对供应链减排决策的影响,为政府及低碳供应链的相关决策提供参考。