战后初期英国的欧洲一体化政策（1945-1951）

第二次世界大战使西欧各国饱受战争之苦。战后，要求欧洲统一、共同复兴的设想日益盛行。鉴于英国的总体实力在弱者中尚属强者，它最有可能成为欧洲统一的领导者；然而，最终法国却取而代之，英国错过了欧洲统一的“班车”。当时的英国是无心参与，还是另有考虑？本文试从1945—1951年英国的欧洲一体化政策来分析导致这种结果的关键因素。     

联合国人权公约缔约国报告制度述评

缔约国报告制度是联合国人权公约监督实施的主要手段,是一种通过寻求人权国际保护与国家主权之间的平衡,从而促使缔约国履行尊重和保护人权的有效手段。缔约国报告制度的主要特征是独立专家机构通过接受,审查缔约国提交的报告,与缔约国建立建设性对话关系,从而促使缔约国履行人权公约规定的义务。缔约国报告制度从产生发展到今天,其运行存在一定问题,主要原因是国家没有正确认识这种监督实施措施的性质,正确处理人权国际保护与国家主权之间的关系。国际社会应该对缔约国报告制度进一步改革,国家应该增强与国际社会合作的意愿。联合国人权公约缔约国报告制度才能充分发挥其监督作用。     

现代国际法上人权保护与国家主权的冲突及解决

现代法律体制下,人权既是国内法调整的对象也是国际法的一个重要调整领域,基于国际社会的主权性和人权问题的敏感性,在现代国际法上人权与主权冲突不断.主要体现在国际法若干基本原则与国家主权之间的冲突.而解决这些矛盾和冲突也是改善国际关系推动国际人权法的必然要求.     

Sovereignty at What Scale? An Inquiry into Multiple Dimensions of Food Sovereignty

Abstract

Food sovereignty has struggled to make inroads into changing the structures and processes underlying the corporate food regime. One reason is that scale is still underspecified in the politics, strategies, and theories of food sovereignty. We suggest that much can be learned from examining the multiple dimensions of scale inherent in ongoing food sovereignty struggles. A gap exists between these in vivo experiments and the maturing academic theory of scale. The concept of ‘sovereignty’ can be opened up to reveal that movements, peoples, and communities, for example, are creating multiple sovereignties and are exercising sovereignty in more relational ways. Relational scale can aid movements and scholars to map and evaluate how spatial and temporal processes at and among various levels work to reinforce dominant agri-food systems but could also be reconfigured to support progressive alternatives. Finally, we apply relational scale to suggest practical strategies for realizing food sovereignty, using examples from the Potato Park in the Peruvian Andes.     

‘Quiet Food Sovereignty’ as Food Sovereignty without a Movement? Insights from Post-socialist Russia

Abstract

What does food sovereignty look like in settings where rural social movements are weak or non-existent, such as in countries with post-socialist, semi-authoritarian regimes? Focusing on Russia, we present a divergent form of food sovereignty. Building on the concept of ‘quiet sustainability’, we present a dispersed, muted, but clearly bottom-up variant we term ‘quiet food sovereignty’. In the latter, the role of the very productive smallholdings is downplayed by the state and partly by the smallholders themselves. Those smallholdings are not seen as an alternative to industrial agriculture, but subsidiary to it (although superior in terms of sociality and healthy, environmentally friendly produce). As such, ‘quiet food sovereignty’ deviates from the overt struggle frequently associated with food sovereignty. We discuss the prospects of ‘quiet food sovereignty’ to develop into a full food sovereignty movement, and stress the importance of studying implicit everyday forms of food sovereignty.     

Translating the Politics of Food Sovereignty: Digging into Contradictions,Uncovering New Dimensions

Abstract

Food sovereignty, as a movement and a set of ideas, is coming of age. Rooted in resistance to free trade and the globalizing force of neoliberalism, the concept has inspired collective action across the world. We examine what has changed since food sovereignty first emerged on the international scene and reflect on insight from new terrain where the movement has expanded. We argue that to advance the theory and practice of food sovereignty, new frameworks and analytical methods are needed to move beyond binaries—between urban and rural, gender equality and the family farm, trade and localism, and autonomy and engagement with the state. A research agenda in food sovereignty must not shy away from the rising contradictions in and challenges to the movement. The places of seeming contradiction may in fact be where the greatest insights are to be found. We suggest that by taking a relational perspective, scholars can begin to draw insight into the challenges and sticking points of food sovereignty by training their lens on shifts in the global food regime, on the efforts to construct sovereignty at multiple scales, and on the points of translation where food sovereignty is articulated through historical memory, identity, and everyday life.     

政权组织体制视阀下中西协商民主研究

协商民主理论在全世界范围内的广泛发展和传播,使其越来越受到政治学界和政治活动家的重视。作为民主政治制度的新转向,协商民主制度具备以“公共理性”为基础的柔性协商特征,因此在中西不同的政权组织体制国家内都占据着重要地位。深入探讨西方国家的三权分立体制与中国议行合一制度中的协商因素,对两者存在的差异性进行对位分析和比较研究,有助于突显协商民主在特定的社会背景和政治实践中的作用和意义。     

中国国际合作理论的成果与不足

国际合作理论研究发轫于美国。近10年来,中国学者对这一理论也进行了初步探索,在国际合作的背景、国际制度与国际组织、国家主权以及中国的国际合作研究等方面取得了一些成绩。但中国的国际合作理论研究还需要独立的理论意识。     

人类对现代设计审美性的心理需求

现代设计的审美性不仅是人类的一种心理需求,而且现代设计在其发展过程中,从没有停止过对审美性的追求,因此,研究其审美价值具有很重要的现实意义。     

李鸿章与琉球宗主权的丧失

1879年日本吞并琉球,对于日本在琉球的行为,李鸿章从国家利益的角度出发,主张琉球自主,这一主张最终导致了清朝对琉球宗主权的丧失,但也反映出李鸿章在同资本主义打交道的过程中,他的近代国家利益思想有不断增强的趋势,他将国际公法同中国传统的“存祀主义”糅合在一起,试图以西方的理论来解决中国传统的宗藩问题,具有开放性;其同意琉球自主,又体现了他主权观念的萌发,表现出新旧思想的杂糅。