被动观念论析

本文讨论被动观念与语言表现之间的关系。第一部分从客体凸显能力和因果推论能力两个角度论证被动观念形成的条件 ,认为被动观念是人的思维中具有普遍意义的一种观念 ;第二部分从事件判断可能和句子表现实际两个角度观察被动观念的选择运用 ;第三部分是余论 ,认为就汉语而言 ,被动观念的表现可以存在于语言单位的各个层级 ,尤其要注意那些可能隐含着被动观念的结构与格式的研究     

20世纪三四十年代宁夏水利建设述论

20世纪三四十年代 ,宁夏地方当局等推出一系列水利建设措施 ,这既意味着宁夏水利事业的近代化开始初露端倪 ,也促使宁夏平原农田引黄灌溉得以延续 ,并对宁夏地方经济的恢复、初兴与抗日战争等具有促进作用     

设计对品牌资产结构的效应

阐述了什么是品牌和品牌化以及品牌的巨大效应 (市场控制效应、经济增值效应、资产优化效应和社会文化效应 ) ,进而分析了品牌的资产结构 ,把品牌的资产结构分为品牌的知名度、品牌的美誉度和品牌的忠诚度。着重探讨了设计对品牌资产结构由品牌知名度到品牌美誉度进而到品牌忠诚度的渐次提升的重要作用。     

转轨期间财政转移支付制度的区域均衡效应

政府实行财政转移支付制度有多重目标:实现纵向平衡和横向平衡、矫正外溢性及其他经济政治目标。规范的转移支付制度的终极目标追求的是区域间财政能力或公共服务水平均等化。我国现行政府间转移支付制度虽然在实现纵向平衡方面有明显成就,过渡期转移支付办法在一定程度上也有利于区域间财政能力的均衡,但总体而言,从设计到实施,在矫正区域间的横向均衡方面缺乏成效,没能有效地控制区域间财政能力差距的进一步扩大。要进一步发挥其区域均衡效应,必须进行转移支付制度的调整和创新。     

Local spatial data infrastructure, Trujillo-Peru

The development of a Municipal Information System, or currently better known as a local spatial data infrastructure, is considered complex due to the required inter-institutional relationships. In many developing countries Geographical Information Systems (GISs) are introduced but the benefits are modest as no changes take place in technical and organisational structure of organisations. Digital databases and computer-aided design (CAD) maps are mushrooming in great variety within different private and public institutions, municipal organisations and even within single departments and with structures similar to the paper period and thus operating on a stand-alone basis.Many national mapping agencies are not able to provide large-scale digital urban base maps, while the absence or low quality of cadastres makes those basic core data sets unavailable or inaccessible. The result is that duplication and incompatible data are frequently observed and also donor-driven stand-alone projects have a limited impact through the lack of institutional embedding and are not able to mature from the project to the institutional level. However, a positive sign is that there is an increasing awareness among data producers and consumers that investments in the development of digital data sets should be combined to reduce costs and increase benefits from especially GIS, and information and communication technology (ICT) in general.Within Trujillo a long-term vision was developed to make full use of ICT and GIS to modernise all operations of the Municipality to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of its tasks. However, large investments are not feasible due to the very limited municipal budgets. To guarantee the support of the municipal council, short-term results are required. This paper describes three ‘products’ as part of the vision to develop through a step-by-step approach a local spatial data infrastructure for Trujillo.The three, rather different, products are:

1. fiscal cadastre, to increase municipal revenues through property taxation;

2. an ‘environmental atlas’ based on a compatible spatial and attribute data sets from a variety of organisations; and

3. a municipal website with interactive GIS and meta data information.

The paper concludes with some comments on the institutional and political requirements for the successful development of a local spatial data infrastructure and stresses that such an infrastructure is not a product but an incremental development process that will progress only in case such a process is simple, cost effective, user-friendly, and flexible with clear products.Political interest and institutional stability and genuine interest for inter-institutional cooperation will add much to the success of this process.     

农业院校计算机应用课程教学改革与实践

主要讨论如何调整“计算机应用”课程教学的内容、改进教学方法,促进计算机应用教学的发展与教学质量的提高,满足社会 需求,培养合格的科学技术人才。     

垄断企业捆绑销售的策略效应

捆绑销售作为企业常用的销售策略,既有直接效应也有策略效应,国内学者对捆绑销售的论述仅局限于价格歧视等直接效应,而忽视捆绑销售的策略效应。文章指出了通过捆绑销售来进行价格歧视的局限性以及垄断企业进行捆绑销售的策略效应,并通过一个两阶段模型论述了捆绑销售阻止进入的策略原理:在位企业在一定条件下如何通过捆绑销售来阻止进入。     

刑法溯及力原则立法上的缺失——兼论中间时法的生存之理

<中华人民共和国刑法>对溯及力问题作了从旧兼从轻的原则性规定,这是我国刑法向科学化、民主化方向发展的重要表现,然而刑法在其动态运行中又产生了中间时法的问题.本文通过对中间时法的产生及其机理的分析,并结合中间时法在我国实践中的作用,探讨了刑法对中间时法效力亟待完善的问题.     

延边地方财政对区域经济增长的影响

在延边地方财政支出结构中,生产性支出的比重相对低,这对区域经济增长会产生短期效果影响。利用区域经济增长与地方财政支出之间因果关系模型实证分析延边地区的结果,证实了这一结论。为了区域经济的稳定增长,延边地区应适当提高生产性支出的比重。     

宋词联章现象探讨

宋词联章体共有普通联章、鼓子词、转踏、大曲、法曲等五种,普通联章又有同调次韵、同调异韵、同题异调等类型。联章词突破了篇幅、字数的限制,为扩充容量、丰富内涵、施展艺术技巧提供了宽广的空间。宋代联章词直接继承了唐五代联章词的创作经验,又在宋代其他因素的影响下,得到了长足的进展。